Publications by authors named "Ernst A"

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have proven highly effective against chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, some patients experience treatment failure, associated with resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). Our aim was to investigate the complete viral coding sequence in hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs to identify RASs and the effects of treatment on the viral population.

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Background: The epicardium is the outer mesothelial layer of the heart. It encloses the myocardium and plays key roles in heart development and regeneration. It derives from the proepicardium (PE), cell clusters that appear in the dorsal pericardium (DP) close to the atrioventricular canal and the venous pole of the heart, and are released into the pericardial cavity.

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The recently discovered low-load metal-assisted catalytic etching (LL-MACE) creates nanostructured Si with controllable and variable characteristics that distinguish this technique from the conventional high-load variant. LL-MACE employs 150 times less metal catalyst and produces porous Si instead of Si nanowires. In this work, we demonstrate that some of the features of LL-MACE cannot be explained by the present understanding of MACE.

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Purpose: The decline of sensory systems during aging has been widely investigated and several papers have correlated the visual, hearing and vestibular systems and the consequences of their functional degeneration. Hearing loss and presbyvestibulopathy have been found to be positively correlated as is with the risk-to-fall.

Material And Methods: The present study was therefore designed as systematic review (due to PRISMA criteria) which should correlate hearing amplification by hearing aids and/or cochlear implants with balance outcome.

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Background: The placenta provides nutrients, oxygen, and hormonal support for adequate fetal growth and development of the hormonal axes, which are important for pubertal timing later in life.

Objectives: We investigated if an indicator of poor placental function, low gestational age-specific Z-score for placental weight at birth, was associated with earlier pubertal timing.

Methods: The study is based on a population-based cohort of 15 195 singleton boys and girls (68% of 22 439 invited) born 20 to 43 weeks of gestation (2000-2003) nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort.

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Radiotherapy is an essential part of multi-modal cancer therapy. Nevertheless, for certain cancer entities such as colorectal cancer (CRC) the indications of radiotherapy are limited due to anatomical peculiarities and high radiosensitivity of the surrounding normal tissue. The development of molecularly targeted, combined modality approaches may help to overcome these limitations.

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Chromothripsis is a form of genome instability by which a presumably single catastrophic event generates extensive genomic rearrangements of one or a few chromosomes. Widely assumed to be an early event in tumor development, this phenomenon plays a prominent role in tumor onset. In this study, an analysis of chromothripsis in 252 human breast cancers from two patient cohorts (149 metastatic breast cancers, 63 untreated primary tumors, 29 local relapses, and 11 longitudinal pairs) using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing reveals that chromothripsis affects a substantial proportion of human breast cancers, with a prevalence over 60% in a cohort of metastatic cases and 25% in a cohort comprising predominantly luminal breast cancers.

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Detailed control over the motion of colloidal particles is relevant in many applications in colloidal science such as lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, we use an external magnetic field to assemble paramagnetic colloidal spheres into colloidal rods of several lengths. The rods reside above a square magnetic pattern and are transported via modulation of the direction of the external magnetic field.

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Study Question: Do maternal hypertensive disorders affect pubertal development in daughters and sons?

Summary Answer: Pubertal development tended to occur earlier in daughters of mothers with 'preeclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP syndrome' (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low blood platelets) or hypertension in pregnancy compared to daughters born of normotensive mothers.

What Is Known Already: The existing literature suggests some or no association between preeclampsia and pubertal development in daughters, but not in sons. None of the previous studies has investigated the possible association between other types of hypertensive disorders (hypertension, eclampsia or HELLP syndrome) and pubertal timing in children.

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In vitro assays for clustered DNA lesions will facilitate the analysis of the mechanisms underlying complex genome rearrangements such as chromothripsis, including the recruitment of repair factors to sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We present a novel method generating localized DNA DSBs using UV irradiation with photomasks. The size of the damage foci and the spacing between lesions are fully adjustable, making the assay suitable for different cell types and targeted areas.

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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) govern intracellular life, and identification of PPI inhibitors is challenging. Roadblocks in assay development stemming from weak binding affinities of natural PPIs impede progress in this field. We postulated that enhancing binding affinity of natural PPIs via protein engineering will aid assay development and hit discovery.

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Objective: Lactose intolerance (LI) may be considered in patients with unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, but there is no clear consensus on when and how to diagnose the disorder. The -13910 CC genotype is associated with acquired primary lactase deficiency (adult-type hypolactasia; ATH). We aimed to describe the number of tests and test results in the North Denmark Region considering patient age, geographical origin and repeated testing.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to review epidemiological studies on the association between chronic exposures to road traffic noise and prevalence of arterial hypertension as well as blood pressure by using meta-analyses.

Methods: A systematic literature search in the databases Medline and Web of science™ as well as the database OpenGrey was conducted to identify suitable studies, namely epidemiological observational studies assessing objective exposures to road traffic noise at the subject's home place with analysis of their potential associations with arterial hypertension or blood pressure. Whenever possible, overall effects for the different relationships were estimated with meta-analyses.

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Complex oxides show extreme sensitivity to structural distortions and defects, and the intricate balance of competing interactions which emerge at atomically defined interfaces may give rise to unexpected physics. In the interfaces of non-magnetic complex oxides, one of the most intriguing properties is the emergence of magnetism which is sensitive to chemical defects. Particularly, it is unclear which defects are responsible for the emergent magnetic interfaces.

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The pharmaceutical industry is currently being confronted with new and complex challenges regarding the aseptic filling of parenterals, especially monoclonal antibodies, particularly for fill volumes <200 µL, which have become increasingly important with the increasing and continued development of intravitreal drugs and highly concentrated formulations. Not only does low-volume filling pose challenges to aseptic manufacturing, but the development of suitable in-process control to ensure reliable and robust filling processes for low-volume conditions has also been difficult. In particular, fill volumes <200 µL exceed limits of accuracy and robustness for the well-established method of gravimetric fill-volume control.

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Neuronal migration during development is necessary to form an ordered and functional brain. Postmitotic neurons require microtubules and dynein to move, but the mechanisms by which they contribute to migration are not fully characterized. Using tegmental hindbrain nuclei neurons in zebrafish embryos together with subcellular imaging, optogenetics, and photopharmacology, we show that, in vivo, the centrosome's position relative to the nucleus is not linked to greatest motility in this cell type.

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The Golgi is surrounded by a ribosome-excluding matrix. Recently, we reported that the cis-Golgi-localized golgin GM130 can phase-separate to form dynamic, liquid-like condensates in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that the overexpression of each of the remaining cis (golgin160, GMAP210)- and trans (golgin97, golgin245, GCC88, GCC185)-golgins results in novel protein condensates.

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Objective: To examine the impact of Nutrition for Life (NFL), a goal-setting nutrition education program, on the knowledge, self-efficacy and behaviour of adults eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education.

Design: NFL was developed using a 4-week goal-setting behavioural strategy focused on nutrition, physical activity and meal planning techniques. A quantitative repeated-measures design using self-reported data was collected at pre- and post-interventions and at 1-week and 1-month follow-ups.

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Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is accompanied by a reduction of cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Different approaches have been applied to prevent noise induced apoptosis / necrosis. Physical intervention is one technique currently under investigation.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) for the purpose of this review is an umbrella term for technologies emulating a nephropathologist's ability to extract information on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy responsiveness from native or transplant kidney biopsies. Although AI can be used to analyze a wide variety of biopsy-related data, this review focuses on whole slide images traditionally used in nephropathology. AI applications in nephropathology have recently become available through several advancing technologies, including (i) widespread introduction of glass slide scanners, (ii) data servers in pathology departments worldwide, and (iii) through greatly improved computer hardware to enable AI training.

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We have previously shown TANGO1 organises membranes at the interface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ERGIC/Golgi (Raote et al., 2018). TANGO1 corrals retrograde membranes at ER exit sites to create an export conduit.

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The crisis of confidence has undermined the trust that researchers place in the findings of their peers. In order to increase trust in research, initiatives such as preregistration have been suggested, which aim to prevent various questionable research practices. As it stands, however, no empirical evidence exists that preregistration does increase perceptions of trust.

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