Adjusting for nonrepresentativeness in continuous norming using multilevel regression and poststratification.

In psychological test norming, nonrepresentativeness in background variables in the normative sample can lead to bias in the normed score estimates. Because representativeness is difficult to establish in practice, adjustment methods are needed to combat this bias. As a candidate adjustment method, we investigated generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape with multilevel regression and poststratification (GAMLSS + MRP), the combination of MRP and continuous norming with GAMLSS.

Choline enhances elicited imitation memory performance in preschool children with prenatal alcohol exposure: a cumulative report of 3 randomized controlled trials.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are associated with neurocognitive deficits for which there are no biological treatments. Choline supplementation may attenuate these deficits.

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate choline as a neurodevelopmental intervention for preschool-aged children with FASD.

Development and effectiveness evaluation of an interactive e-learning environment to enhance digital health literacy in cancer patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The Internet allows cancer patients to access information about their disease at any time. However, the quality of online information varies widely and is often inaccurate or does not provide all the details patients need to make informed decisions. Additionally, patients' often limited ability to find and evaluate cancer-related online information can lead to misinformation.

Respiratory-Swallow Coordination of Uncued Swallows in Dysphagic and Tracheotomized Patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory-swallow coordination (RSC) in healthy, dysphagic, and subjects with blocked, unblocked or without tracheostomy cannula (TC) over 2 h with focus on unintended deglutition.

Methods: In a single center (cross-sectional) observational study, a total of 65 subjects were included. Swallowing processes were recorded using RehaIngest (Hasomed GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany), combining electromyography (EMG) and bioimpedance (BI) inputs.

Regional hippocampal thinning and gyrification abnormalities and associated cognition in children with prenatal alcohol exposure.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impacts hippocampal structure and function, contributing to deficits in memory and decision-making in affected individuals. Here, we evaluate hippocampal anomalies in children with PAE and an unexposed comparison group using advanced MRI methods that characterize hippocampal curvature and thickness.

Methods: Participants, ages 8 to 16 years, included children with PAE (n = 48) and an unexposed comparison group (n = 46) who underwent a dysmorphology exam, neuropsychological assessment, and an MRI scan.

Atopic dermatitis in childhood and pubertal development: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) might delay puberty, but research is lacking.

Objective: To investigate the association between AD and puberty.

Methods: A subcohort within the Danish National Birth Cohort includes children born between 2000 and 2003, with mothers reporting doctor-diagnosed AD at 6 months, 18 months, and 7 years old.

Psychological burden in patients with sellar masses under conservative and surgical management.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of distress and the quality of life of operated and non-operated patients with pituitary tumors. Patients who presented to a neurosurgical center and two endocrinological services for outpatient follow-up after surgical treatment, as well as those under medical therapy or radiological follow-up without treatment, were invited to participate in the study. Sociodemographic, health-related quality of life and clinical data were assessed.

Peri-Traumatic Near-Infrared Light Treatment Attenuates the Severity of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Rescuing (Type I) Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Mice.

Background: Previous studies have shown that multiple post-traumatic irradiations of the cochlea with near-infrared light (NIR) can significantly reduce noise-induced hearing loss. However, a single NIR pre-treatment was shown to have the same effect. Extending the pre-treatment time did not result in any further reduction in hearing loss.

An International Delphi-Based Study for Developing a Core Outcome Set for Hypospadias Surgery.

Introduction: Explicit outcomes routinely measured across the life span following hypospadias surgery, defined by a core outcome set (COS), will harmonize and overcome reporting heterogeneity.

Methods: Age-specific outcomes identified in a literature review were presented in a three-round Delphi survey. Participants (professionals, parents, and patients) were encouraged to suggest outcomes in the first Delphi round.

Oncolytic viruses expressing MATEs facilitate target-independent T-cell activation in tumors.

Oncolytic viruses (OV) expressing bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are promising tools for tumor immunotherapy but the range of target tumors is limited. To facilitate effective T-cell stimulation with broad-range applicability, we established membrane-associated T-cell engagers (MATEs) harboring the protein transduction domain of the HIV-Tat protein to achieve non-selective binding to target cells. In vitro, MATEs effectively activated murine T cells and improved killing of MC38 colon carcinoma cells.

Longer survival with precision medicine in late-stage cancer patients.

Background: In a per-protocol analysis of molecularly profiled patients with treatment-refractory, end-stage cancer discussed at the National Molecular Tumor Board (NMTB), we aimed to assess the overall survival (OS) outcome of targeted treatment compared with no targeted treatment.

Materials And Methods: Patients were prospectively included at a single oncological center. Whole exome and RNA sequencing (tumor-normal) were carried out, and cases were presented at the NMTB for discussion of targeted treatment.

Spns1-dependent endocardial lysosomal function drives valve morphogenesis through Notch1-signaling.

Autophagy-lysosomal degradation is a conserved homeostatic process considered to be crucial for cardiac morphogenesis. However, both its cell specificity and functional role during heart development remain unclear. Here, we introduced zebrafish models to visualize autophagic vesicles and track their temporal and cellular localization in the larval heart.

HIPSD&R-seq enables scalable genomic copy number and transcriptome profiling.

Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) enables decoding somatic cancer variation. Existing methods are hampered by low throughput or cannot be combined with transcriptome sequencing in the same cell. We propose HIPSD&R-seq (HIgh-throughPut Single-cell Dna and Rna-seq), a scalable yet simple and accessible assay to profile low-coverage DNA and RNA in thousands of cells in parallel.

Evaluating Contextual Models for Intensive Longitudinal Data in the Presence of Noise.

Nowadays research into affect frequently employs intensive longitudinal data to assess fluctuations in daily emotional experiences. The resulting data are often analyzed with moderated autoregressive models to capture the influences of contextual events on the emotion dynamics. The presence of noise (e.

Normative modeling of brain MRI data identifies small subcortical volumes and associations with cognitive function in youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

Aim: To quantify regional subcortical brain volume anomalies in youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), assess the relative sensitivity and specificity of abnormal volumes in FASD vs. a comparison group, and examine associations with cognitive function.

Method: Participants: 47 children with FASD and 39 typically-developing comparison participants, ages 8-17 years, who completed physical evaluations, cognitive and behavioral testing, and an MRI brain scan.

Prevalence, Incidence, and Age at Diagnosis of Boys With Hypospadias: A Nationwide Population-Based Epidemiological Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic prevalence, incidence, diagnostic age, and surgical volume of hypospadias in Denmark.

Materials And Methods: Males with a hypospadias diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (n = 10,276) were identified (1977-2019). A diagnostic algorithm, validated by medical file review (n = 1710), confirmed diagnoses and severity (distal/proximal).

Spatio-temporal transcriptomics of chromothriptic SHH-medulloblastoma identifies multiple genetic clones that resist treatment and drive relapse.

Paediatric medulloblastomas with chromothripsis are characterised by high genomic instability and are among the tumours with the worst prognosis. However, the molecular makeup and the determinants of the aggressiveness of chromothriptic medulloblastoma are not well understood. Here, we apply spatial transcriptomics to profile a cohort of 13 chromothriptic and non-chromothriptic medulloblastomas from the same molecular subgroup.

Chromothripsis in cancer.

Chromothripsis is a mutational phenomenon in which a single catastrophic event generates extensive rearrangements of one or a few chromosomes. This extreme form of genome instability has been detected in 30-50% of cancers. Studies conducted in the past few years have uncovered insights into how chromothripsis arises and deciphered some of the cellular and molecular consequences of chromosome shattering.

Double exchange interaction in Mn-based topological kagome ferrimagnet.

Recently discovered Mn-based kagome materials, such as RMnSn (R = rare-earth element), exhibit the coexistence of topological electronic states and long-range magnetic order, offering a platform for studying quantum phenomena. However, understanding the electronic and magnetic properties of these materials remains incomplete. Here, we investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of GdMnSn using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, photoemission spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.

Manipulative Single Electric Dipole with Spontaneous Translational Symmetry Breaking in a Two-Dimensional Crystal.

It is widely acknowledged that quantum entities with minimal mass cannot undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking due to strong quantum fluctuations. Here, we report the discovery of a positionally settled single electric dipole that can be manipulated and electrically polarized in a monolayer CoCl-graphite heterostructure, which demonstrates an unprecedented example of spontaneous lattice-translational-symmetry breaking. Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy show that the solitons are intrinsic paraelectric dipoles driven by synchronous charge-lattice distortion around individual CoCl octahedrons.