Publications by authors named "Ernie Mak"

Importance: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots pose the opportunity to draft template responses to patient questions. However, the ability of chatbots to generate responses based on domain-specific knowledge of cancer remains to be tested.

Objective: To evaluate the competency of AI chatbots (GPT-3.

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Background: Medication reconciliation (MedRec) is a process where providers work with patients to document and communicate comprehensive medication information by creating a complete medication list (best possible medication history (BPMH)) then reconciling it against what patient is actually taking to identify potential issues such as drug-drug interactions. We undertook an environmental scan of current MedRec practices in outpatient cancer care to inform a quality improvement project at our centre with the aim of 30% of patients having a BPMH or MedRec within 30 days of initiating treatment with systemic therapy.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from 21 cancer centres across Canada, probing on current policies, and barriers and facilitators to MedRec.

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Objectives: Outpatient in-person early palliative care improves quality of life for patients with advanced cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a rapid shift to telehealth visits; however, little is known about how telehealth in outpatient palliative care settings should be optimised beyond the pandemic. We aimed to explore, from the perspective of patients attending an outpatient palliative care clinic, the most appropriate model of care for in-person versus telehealth visits.

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Antidepressants require several weeks for the onset of action, a lag time that may exceed life expectancy in palliative care. Ketamine has demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects, but has been minimally studied in cancer and palliative care populations. Herein, the objective was to determine the feasibility, safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of intranasal racemic ketamine for major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with advanced cancer.

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Background: Family physicians' (FPs) long-term relationships with their oncology patients position them ideally to provide primary palliative care, yet their involvement is variable. We examined perceptions of FP involvement among outpatients receiving palliative care at a cancer center and identified factors associated with this involvement.

Methods: Patients with advanced cancer attending an oncology palliative care clinic (OPCC) completed a 25-item survey.

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Article Synopsis
  • Some patients didn't show up for their appointments at a cancer support clinic, which can mean they have unmet medical needs.
  • Researchers looked at why these no-shows happened by comparing them to patients who did attend.
  • They found that no-shows were often younger, lived farther away, and did not do as well health-wise, showing they needed new ways like virtual visits to help them attend.
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COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019; it rapidly spread around the world and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The palliative care program at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada, provides comprehensive care to patients with advanced cancer and their families, through services including an acute palliative care unit, an inpatient consultation service, and an ambulatory palliative care clinic. In the face of a global pandemic, palliative care teams are uniquely placed to support patients with cancer who also have COVID-19.

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Background: Although outpatient palliative care clinics (OPCCs) provide a venue for early, pre-emptive referral to palliative care on a routine basis, some patients will continue to require urgent referrals. The purpose of this study was to characterise these urgent referrals to determine whether they reflect clinical need or convenience.

Methods: We retrospectively compared new patients in an OPCC who were seen urgently versus those seen at routine appointments.

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Background: Although the effectiveness of early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer has been demonstrated in several trials, there has been no detailed published description of an early palliative care intervention.

Method: In this paper, we delineate the iterative conception and systematic evaluation of a complex intervention called team-based outpatient early palliative care (TO-EPC), and describe the components of the intervention. The intervention was developed based on palliative care theory, review of previous palliative care interventions and practice guidelines.

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Context: Performance status measures are increasingly completed by patients in outpatient cancer settings, but are not well validated for this use.

Objectives: We assessed performance of a patient-reported functional status measure (PRFS, based on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]), compared with the physician-completed ECOG, in terms of agreement in ratings and prediction of survival.

Methods: Patients and physicians independently completed five-point PRFS (lay version of ECOG) and ECOG measures on first consultation at an oncology palliative care clinic.

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Background: Neurolytic celiac plexus block is increasingly used to treat refractory pain associated with abdominal malignancies, especially pancreatic cancer. While self-limiting diarrhea can occur commonly in patients post procedure, a very rare risk of persistent diarrhea exists.

Objective: We present a case of a 70 year old female with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma who was hospitalized for persistent severe diarrhea post celiac plexus block and discuss management options for this adverse effect.

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Context: The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) measures the severity of nine symptoms. Constipation and sleep disturbance are common in patients with cancer, but are not currently included in the ESAS.

Objectives: To validate the numerical rating scale (NRS) versions of ESAS and its revised version (ESAS-r), with the additional symptoms of constipation and sleep (CS), and to assess patient preference for either version.

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Several recently published randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefits of early palliative care involvement for patients with advanced cancer. In the oncology outpatient setting, palliative care clinics are an ideal site for the provision of early, collaborative support, which can be maintained throughout the cancer trajectory. Despite this, access to ambulatory palliative care clinics is limited, even at tertiary cancer centres.

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Purpose: Providing survival estimates is important for decision making in oncology care. The purpose of this study was to provide survival estimates for outpatients with advanced cancer, using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scales, and to compare their ability to predict survival.

Methods: ECOG, PPS, and KPS were completed by physicians for each new patient attending the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre outpatient Oncology Palliative Care Clinic (OPCC) from April 2007 to February 2010.

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Background: Previous research has reported improved pain after adding methadone to another opioid, but did not quantify this benefit using a validated outcome measure.

Objective: To assess quantitatively the effectiveness of adding methadone to another opioid for moderate to severe cancer-related pain.

Design: All outpatients attending the Oncology Palliative Care Clinic from September 2010-September 2011, who had received methadone, were identified from pharmacy records.

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Home care (HC) is important for patients with cancer as performance status declines. Our study of 1224 patients at a Canadian cancer center examined the impact of an oncology palliative care clinic (OPCC) on HC referral. The HC referral frequency was calculated before and after the first OPCC consultation, in total and according to performance status (Palliative Performance Scale, PPS).

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The roles of vascular binding, flow, transporters, and enzymes as determinants of the clearance of digoxin were examined in the rat liver. Digoxin is metabolized by Cyp3a and utilizes the organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) for influx and excretion, respectively. Uptake of digoxin was found to be similar among rat periportal (PP) and perivenous (PV) hepatocytes isolated by the digitonin-collagenase method.

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