Characterization of phenotypic traits associated with anthracnose resistance in selected common bean ( L.) breeding material.

Anthracnose caused by is the major common bean disease worldwide causing complete yield loss under favourable disease conditions. This study aimed to determine phenotypic traits associated with anthracnose resistance for future use in breeding programmes. Twenty-two common bean varieties (CBVs) were selected basing on susceptibility to anthracnose, advanced breeding lines, improved variety resembling advanced breeding lines and the farmer variety widely grown in Tanzania.

A simplified non-greenhouse hydroponic system for small-scale soilless urban vegetable farming.

Majority of under-developed countries continue to face a challenge of food insecurity around urban areas resulting from factors such as; limited access to arable land. This study aimed at developing a simplified low-tech hydroponic system for growing leafy vegetables alongside testing its economic viability. This was intended to support urban vegetable production and henceforth contributing to food security more so in under-developed states dealing with the challenge of increasing urban population vs.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial biofertilizers for crop production: The past, present, and future.

Recent decades have witnessed increased agricultural production to match the global demand for food fueled by population increase. Conventional agricultural practices are heavily reliant on artificial fertilizers that have numerous human and environmental health effects. Cognizant of this, sustainability researchers and environmentalists have increased their focus on other crop fertilization mechanisms.

Plant-Rich Field Margins Influence Natural Predators of Aphids More Than Intercropping in Common Bean.

Field margins support important ecosystem services including natural pest regulation. We investigated the influence of field margins on the spatial and temporal distribution of natural enemies (NEs) of bean pests in smallholder farming systems. We sampled NEs from high and low plant diversity bean fields using sweep netting and coloured sticky traps, comparing monocropped and intercropped farms.

Status of carotenoids in elite and landrace maize genotypes: Implications for provitamin A biofortification in Tanzania.

Maize is among the crops containing carotenoids that are easily converted to vitamin A and have an enormous influence on consumers' health. Principally maize has high calories and proteins but has less number of other micronutrients such as vitamin A. Societies that use maize as their main and sole staple food are likely to be affected by vitamin A deficiency.

Field Margin Plants Support Natural Enemies in Sub-Saharan Africa Smallholder Common Bean Farming Systems.

Flower-rich field margins provide habitats and food resources for natural enemies of pests (NEs), but their potential, particularly in the tropics and on smallholder farms, is poorly understood. We surveyed field margins for plant-NE interactions in bean fields. NEs most often interacted with (15.

Effects of agrochemicals on the beneficial plant rhizobacteria in agricultural systems.

Conventional agriculture relies heavily on chemical pesticides and fertilizers to control plant pests and diseases and improve production. Nevertheless, the intensive and prolonged use of agrochemicals may have undesirable consequences on the structure, diversity, and activities of soil microbiomes, including the beneficial plant rhizobacteria in agricultural systems. Although literature continues to mount regarding the effects of these chemicals on the beneficial plant rhizobacteria in agricultural systems, our understanding of them is still limited, and a proper account is required.

The Effects of Cultivating Tobacco and Supplying Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Micronutrients Extractability in Loamy Sand and Sandy Soils.

This research was conducted to evaluate the trends of the extractable micronutrients boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in soils differing in textures and collected before tobacco cultivation, and in after unfertilized and fertilized (NPK and CAN 27%) plots. The soils and tobacco leaves were assessed on the contents of the micronutrients after unfertilized and fertilized tobacco cultivation. In soils, tobacco cultivation with fertilization increased the extractable Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn by 0.

Natural Pest Regulation and Its Compatibility with Other Crop Protection Practices in Smallholder Bean Farming Systems.

Common bean () production and storage are limited by numerous constraints. Insect pests are often the most destructive. However, resource-constrained smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) often do little to manage pests.

Environmentally stable common bean genotypes for production in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania.

Genotype by environment interaction (GxE) complicates the process of selecting genotypes suitable for quantitative traits like seed yield in beans, hence slows down the development and release of varieties by breeding programs. GxE study on seed yield in beans enables identification of stable genotypes across sites and best site(s) for discriminating the tested genotypes in terms of seed yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the environment, genotype, and genotype by environment interaction on seed yield stability and adaptability of common bean landraces, lines, and improved varieties across three different agro-ecologies in Tanzania.

Linking rhizosphere bacterial diversity and soil fertility in tobacco plants under different soil types and cropping pattern in Tanzania: A pilot study.

Tobacco ( L.), one of the major crop plants in Tanzania, cropping affects the level of soil fertility, but the reason has not been known. Plant rhizosphere plays an important role in affecting soil fertility through changing microbial composition.

Multilocation dataset on seed Fe and Zn contents of bean ( L.) genotypes grown in Tanzania.

There are over a hundred genotypes of  L. grown and consumed in Tanzania. Currently, identification of bean genotypes containing high seed iron and zinc contents has been the focus globally for common bean iron and zinc biofortification.

Prospects of Using Termite Mound Soil OrganicAmendment for Enhancing Soil Nutrition inSouthern Africa.

Termite mound soils are reportedly utilized as an alternative to NPK fertilizers by cashconstrained smallholder farmers in some parts of Southern Africa. However, there is limitedknowledge regarding their mineral nutritional value. The intention of this work was therefore toinvestigate the macro and micronutrient composition of different sections of the termite mounds;top, base and neighboring areas.

Whole-Genome Sequences of Three Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated from Solanum tuberosum L. Rhizosphere in Tanzania.

We present here the complete genome sequences of plant growth-promoting sp. strain MPUS7, sp. strain NGAS9, and sp.

Extracts of Common Pesticidal Plants Increase Plant Growth and Yield in Common Bean Plants.

Common bean () is an important food and cash crop in many countries. Bean crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa are on average 50% lower than the global average, which is largely due to severe problems with pests and diseases as well as poor soil fertility exacerbated by low-input smallholder production systems. Recent on-farm research in eastern Africa has shown that commonly available plants with pesticidal properties can successfully manage arthropod pests.

The prebiotic potential of brewers' spent grain on livestock's health: a review.

The increasing interest from the feed as a source of energy towards specific nutrient-yielding compounds in feeds is amongst the latest developments from scientific and industrial communities. Apart from brewers' spent grain (BSG) being relatively inexpensive feed source, nutritious with high crude protein and minerals, recent studies have explored its potential as a source of prebiotics. Prebiotics are certain feeds that are comprised of non-digestive polysaccharides that can be fed to animals and modulate the balance and activities of microbial populations in the gut.

Phytochemical Analysis of across East Africa Reveals Three Chemotypes that Influence Its Use as a Pesticidal Plant.

is a plant species chemically characterized by the presence of entomotoxic rotenoids and used widely across Africa as a botanical pesticide. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to establish the presence and abundance of the bioactive principles in this species across three countries in East Africa: Tanzania, Kenya, and Malawi Analysis of methanolic extracts of foliar parts of revealed the occurrence of two distinct chemotypes that were separated by the presence of rotenoids in one, and flavanones and flavones that are not bioactive against insects on the other. Specifically, chemotype 1 contained deguelin as the major rotenoid along with tephrosin, and rotenone as a minor component, while these compounds were absent from chemotype 2, which contained previously reported flavanones and flavones including obovatin-3--methylether.

Influence of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles on Pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae Nematodes Against Lepidopteran Galleria mellonella.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been cited as a safe and effective method for pest management. Their virulence against lepidopterans and other foliar pest has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but achieving field efficacy is challenged with environmental conditions such as desiccation and ultraviolet radiations. Nanoparticles (NPs) as UV-blocking agents have been reported to provide an alternative approach to enhance the EPNs efficacy.

Effects of Nanoparticles of Metal Oxides on the Survival of the Entomopathogenic Nematode: .

Nanoparticles (NPs) are technological engineered materials with unique physical and chemical properties, and dimension of less than 100 nm. Nanotechnology has developed at a rapid pace, resulting into tremendous wide application that has resulted into concerns and ecotoxicological consequences. The antimicrobial potentials of the nanoparticles have been extensively studied, however, little has been done on the allied health and environmental toxicity assessments.

Molecular identification of Typhimurium from village chickens based on and genes.

Aim: This study aimed to identify serovars by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on virulence genes invasion A () and plasmid virulence C ().

Materials And Methods: DNA extraction of eight bacteria isolates was done using the PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit. The amplification of and genes was done using conventional PCR.

Molecular characterization of Morogoro maize-associated virus, a nucleorhabdovirus detected in maize (Zea mays) in Tanzania.

RNAtag-seq of maize samples collected in Tanzania revealed the presence of a previously undescribed nucleorhabdovirus, tentatively named "Morogoro maize-associated virus" (MMaV), in three samples. The MMaV genome is 12,185-12,187 nucleotides long and shares a 69-70% nucleotide sequence identity with taro vein chlorosis virus. Annotation of the genomes showed a typical nucleorhabdovirus gene organization.

Diversity and distribution of Maize-associated totivirus strains from Tanzania.

Typically associated with fungal species, members of the viral family Totiviridae have recently been shown to be associated with plants, including important crop species, such as Carica papaya (papaya) and Zea mays (maize). Maize-associated totivirus (MATV) was first described in China and more recently in Ecuador, where it has been found to co-occur with other viruses known to elicit maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND). In a survey for maize-associated viruses, 35 samples were selected for Illumina HiSeq sequencing, from the Tanzanian maize producing regions of Mara, Arusha, Manyara, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Pwani.

Identification and Management Challenges Associated with Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), Causal Agent of Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Tomato is the world's most consumed vegetable crop after potato and it is source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, lycopene, β-carotene and income. Despite its significant importance tomato can heavily be attacked by different pathogens including Ralstonia solanacearum that incites bacteria wilt disease. The disease is very devastating causing a considerable yield loss worldwide.