Spirituality, self-blame, and trauma symptoms among adolescents waiting for treatment after disclosing sexual abuse.

Background: Adolescents who have been sexually abused commonly experience trauma symptoms, and many spend considerable time waiting for treatment.

Objective: This study examines the extent to which adolescent perceptions of divine spiritual support, divine spiritual struggles, and self-blame collected during a screening assessment predict trauma symptoms at the beginning of treatment.

Participants And Setting: Participants were 224 adolescents (92.

Considerations in cultural adaptation of parent-child interventions for African American mothers and children exposed to intimate partner violence.

African American women are at disproportionate risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and consistently report more severe and recurrent IPV victimization in comparison to their White and Hispanic counterparts. IPV is more likely to occur in families with children than in couples without children. Parenting in the wake of IPV is a challenging reality faced by many African American women in the United States.

Interpersonal Violence, Racial Discrimination, and Mental Health Symptoms Among Adolescents of Color in the Juvenile-Justice System.

The current study examined how interpersonal racial discrimination experiences operate together with other forms of interpersonal violence to contribute to mental health symptoms among justice-involved adolescents of color. Participants were 118 justice-involved adolescents of color aged 14 to 17 ( = 15.77,  = 1.

Effects of racial discrimination on stress, negative emotions, and alcohol craving: A registered report of a virtual reality experiment.

Objectives: Racial discrimination experiences contribute to health disparities and can influence individuals' health. Yet, pathways by which discrimination-related experiences affect alcohol craving remain understudied using experimental designs. Additionally, limited research has examined possible differential effects of "major" discrimination and microaggression experiences in everyday life on alcohol craving.

Associations of caregiver-adolescent conflict and caregiver emotional support with adolescent trauma symptoms and adjustment after sexual abuse.

Background: Emotional support from a caregiver is believed to be important for reducing the likelihood of adolescent trauma symptoms and adjustment problems after sexual abuse. Conflict with a caregiver, another relational dynamic, is very common during adolescence, but little is known about how it might operate in tandem with emotional support to influence adolescent trauma symptoms and adjustment after sexual abuse.

Objective: To better understand how caregiver emotional support and caregiver-adolescent conflict jointly contribute to adolescent trauma symptoms and adjustment after sexual abuse.

Quantifying College Students' Bystander Behavior to Prevent Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence: Can We Make Improvements?

Sexual assault and intimate partner violence (IPV) are prevalent on college campuses, and bystander intervention programs are often employed as a method for preventing such violence. Unfortunately, there are concerns about current strategies for the measurement and quantification of bystander behavior. Accounting for the opportunity to engage in bystander behavior is theorized to be important, but it remains unclear if doing so improves the validity of the measurement of bystander behavior.

Peer Communication about Antisocial Activities as a Mediator of Interparental Conflict in Mid-Adolescence and Externalizing Problems in Late Adolescence.

The current study investigated whether adolescent peer communication about antisocial activities mediates the association between interparental conflict within the family system in mid-adolescence and externalizing problems in late adolescence. Participants were 115 families in which an adolescent and caregiver participated in a longitudinal study. Adolescents (53 girls, 62 boys) completed measures of interparental conflict and externalizing problems in 8 grade (age 14).

The Relationship Behavior Survey: A Comprehensive Measure of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence for Adolescents.

Commonly used scales of psychological intimate partner violence (ψIPV) for adolescents may not include sufficient items to measure adequately different forms of ψ aggressive behaviors. They may also characterize as harmful ψ aggressive behaviors occurring in non-conflictual or joking contexts. The current study examined a new scale, the Relationship Behavior Survey (RBS), which was designed to measure three different forms of ψIPV (denigrating, controlling, and intrusive behaviors) and the appraisals of the perpetrator's intent.

Assessment of Psychosocial Programs to Prevent Sexual Violence During Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Sexual violence is a public health problem that affects adolescents globally. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis of prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence has been conducted.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of psychosocial programs for preventing sexual violence during adolescence.

Non-supportive responses to adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse: Relations with self-blame and trauma symptoms.

Background: Youth who have experienced sexual abuse sometimes also experience non-supportive responses, such as accusations of lying, from people in their family and social environment. Little is known about how such responses from different sources (caregivers, friends, other adults) correlate with one another and operate together in the prediction of youth problematic thinking, such as self-blame, and trauma symptoms.

Objective: To better understand how non-supportive responses from different sources relate to one another and contribute to youth problems following sexual abuse.

Physical and psychological intimate partner violence: Relations with child threat appraisals and internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

This study examined whether interparental physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) have additive effects on child threat appraisals and internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and whether relations between psychological IPV and child difficulties differ when physical IPV has occurred, as compared to when it has not occurred. Participants were 531 children (51% male) aged 7-10 years and their mothers. Children reported on IPV, and on their threat appraisals; children and mothers both reported on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Adolescents Who Have Been Sexually Abused: Trauma Symptoms and Self-Blame while Waiting for Treatment.

Objective: Adolescents who have been sexually abused commonly experience trauma symptoms, and many are referred for trauma-based treatment. However, they sometimes spend considerable time on waitlists before beginning treatment. This study examines the course of trauma symptoms among adolescents who have been sexually abused and are waiting for treatment, and the extent to which self-blame for the abuse predicts trauma symptoms at the beginning of treatment.

Cognitive biases in perceptions of posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) has captivated the attention of clinicians and researchers over the past three decades. However, accumulating evidence suggests that individuals' self-reports of PTG may be cognitively biased. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the relation between cognitive biases and perceived PTG.

Measurement invariance of caregiver support following sexual abuse across age, relationship, and English-Spanish language.

Background: The Maternal Self-report Support Questionnaire (MSSQ) is among the most rigorously evaluated measures of caregiver support following child sexual abuse, but there is a paucity of data on the factor structure and variance of the MSSQ across diverse groups of caregivers and their children.

Objective: The present study examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the MSSQ across 386 non-offending caregivers following a disclosure of child sexual abuse.

Participants And Setting: Data were collected from non-offending caregivers at two Child Advocacy Centers (n = 277; n = 109) in the United States.

Advancing knowledge on the health consequences of discrimination: The potential of virtual reality.

Objectives: Racism and discrimination drive racial and ethnic health disparities, and are robust markers for a host of health outcomes in People of Color and Indigenous Peoples (POCI). A comprehensive understanding of possible causal pathways by which racism and discrimination lead to POCI's health disadvantages is a critical step toward reducing disparities and promoting health equity. Experimental methods can help researchers delineate these causal pathways.

Self-Blame in Adolescents Who Have Been Sexually Abused: Factor Structure and Differential Correlates of Abuse-Specific and Global Measures.

Self-blame appraisals are frequently studied among adolescents following sexual abuse. However, the conceptualization and operationalization of self-blame varies across studies, with some examining self-blame specific to the abuse and others examining global self-blame. The present study examined the factor structure and theorized correlates of measures of self-blame appraisals among a sample of adolescents who had been sexually abused ( = 493, 91% female).

Prevalence of Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students: A Methodological Note With Data.

This study provides insight on how sample recruitment methods may affect reported rates of sexual victimization on college campuses. The study compares sexual victimization rates among students who complete surveys after initial requests with those who complete them only after multiple reminders. Using probability sampling methods, undergraduate students from 12 universities were invited to complete a survey on campus violence; initial invitations were followed with up to five reminders.

Party frequency, party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization among first-year female college students.

This study examined whether the use of party-safety strategies weakens the association between frequency of party attendance and sexual victimization among first-year female college students. First-year female college students ( = 450) from three universities in the United States participated in this study. Participants completed questionnaires on frequency of party attendance, use of party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization.

Families seeking services for sexual abuse: Intimate partner violence, mothers' psychological distress, and mother-adolescent conflict.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are both global problems with negative health implications. This study examines whether mothers' lifetime experiences of IPV relate to their own psychological distress and to mother-adolescent conflict in families in which an adolescent has disclosed sexual abuse. The recency of IPV was examined as a potential moderator of these relations.

Caregiver and divine support: Associations with resilience among adolescents following disclosure of sexual abuse.

Background: Social support is believed to be important for fostering adolescent resilience following sexual abuse. Caregiver support is often examined as a source of support for adolescents, but divine support (support from God or a higher power) has received scant research attention.

Objective: This study examines relations of caregiver support and divine support with resilience following adolescent sexual abuse.

Measuring Teen Dating Violence Perpetration: A Comparison of Cumulative and Single Assessment Procedures.

Objective: There are concerns about the measurement of teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration. The current study compares data on TDV perpetration derived from a cumulative assessment procedure and a single assessment procedure. The prevalence and frequency of TDV perpetration are examined, as well as their associations with hypothesized precursors of TDV.

Exposure to interparental intimate partner violence and the development of borderline features in adolescents.

Background: Due to associated trauma, exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered a form of child maltreatment, and is associated with heightened risk for mental health problems.

Objective: To evaluate associations between exposure to interparental IPV and the prospective development of borderline features in adolescents.

Participants And Setting: A diverse sample of 1,042 adolescents were recruited from public high schools throughout southeastern United States and followed annually for 5 years.

An Evidence-Based Assessment Tool for Estimating Future Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects up to one in three women across the world. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common outcome. Many, but not all, women suffer long after they first sought help for IPV.

Adolescents' externalizing behaviors and antisocial text messaging across the broader peer network: Implications for socialization and selection effects.

Adolescents' peer networks provide an important context that can contribute to increases in antisocial behavior. By a process called deviancy training, peers can both model and reinforce these behaviors, thereby conveying group norms about the acceptability of such behaviors. This research examined the relationship between the proportion of adolescents' peers who exchanged antisocial text messages and externalizing behaviors during high school.

Self-blame for interparental conflict among female adolescents who have been sexually abused.

This study evaluated whether self-blame appraisals for interparental conflict relate to conduct problems among female adolescents who have been sexually abused. Participants included female adolescents who had experienced sexual abuse and a current, primary nonabusing caregiver. Families presented for services at a children's advocacy center.