When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFO-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification mediated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA), that adds or removes a single β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety to or from serine/threonine residues of nucleocytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, respectively. The perturbed homeostasis of O-GlcNAc cycling results in several pathological conditions. Human OGA is a promising therapeutic target in diseases where aberrantly low levels of O-GlcNAc are experienced, such as tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiological control against microbial infections has a great potential as an alternative approach instead of fungicidal chemicals, which can cause environmental pollution. The pigment producer Metschnikowia andauensis belongs to the antagonistic yeasts, but details of the mechanism by which it inhibits growth of other microbes are less known. Our results confirmed its antagonistic capacity on other yeast species isolated from fruits or flowers and demonstrated that the antagonistic capacity was well correlated with the size of the red pigmented zone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNorm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrejudiced attitudes and political nationalism vary widely around the world, but there has been little research on what predicts this variation. Here we examine the ecological and cultural factors underlying the worldwide distribution of prejudice. We suggest that cultures grow more prejudiced when they tighten cultural norms in response to destabilizing ecological threats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g.
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