Dietary fiber combinations to mitigate the metabolic, microbial, and cognitive imbalances resulting from diet-induced obesity in rats.

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy gut microbiome and shows promise in attenuating the unfavorable microbial changes resulting from a high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diet. High-fiber diets consisting of oligofructose alone (HFS/O) or in combination with β-glucan (HFS/OB), resistant starch (HFS/OR), or β-glucan and resistant starch (HFS/OBR) were fed to diet-induced obese rats for 8 weeks to determine if these fibers could attenuate the obese phenotype. Only the HFS/O group displayed a decrease in body weight and body fat, but all fiber interventions improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive function.

Paternal high protein diet modulates body composition, insulin sensitivity, epigenetics, and gut microbiota intergenerationally in rats.

Mounting evidence demonstrates that paternal diet programs offspring metabolism. However, the contribution of a pre-conception paternal high protein (HP) diet to offspring metabolism, gut microbiota, and epigenetic changes remains unclear. Here we show that paternal HP intake in Sprague Dawley rats programs protective metabolic outcomes in offspring.

Does the use of self-compression in mammography affect compression force, breast thickness, and mean glandular dose?

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the use of self-compression in craniocaudal (CC) projection has an effect on compression force, breast thickness, radiation dose and image quality compared to the standard mammographic procedure.

Methods: The study was conducted on 200 female patients that were referred for mammographic imaging. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups.

The Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation During Critical Periods of Development on the Mesolimbic Dopamine System.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)s are a key component in human milk and represent an important dietary modulator of infant gut microbiota composition and associated gut-brain axis development and homeostasis. The brain reward system, specifically the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in the motivation and preference for food. The objective of the present study was to determine if HMO fortified diets given during the critical period of reward system development (p21) could affect the structure of the reward system.

Prebiotic Oligofructose Prevents Antibiotic-Induced Obesity Risk and Improves Metabolic and Gut Microbiota Profiles in Rat Dams and Offspring.

Scope: Antibiotics in early life disrupt microbiota and increase obesity risk. Dietary agents such as prebiotics may reduce obesity risk. The authors examine how antibiotics administered with/without prebiotic oligofructose, alter metabolic and microbial outcomes in pregnant rats and their offspring.

LUMBAR SPINE RADIOGRAPHY: LOWER ORGAN DOSE WITH THE USE OF PA PROJECTION.

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the posteroanterior (PA) patient position in lumbar spine imaging on effective dose and the absorbed organ dose. The study was performed on 100 patients that were referred to the lumbar spine radiography that were divided into two equal groups of 50. Body Mass Index, Dose Area Product (DAP), exposure index (EXI), tube time-current (mAs), image field size and the source-patient distance were acquired for each patient.

Comparison of anteroposterior and posteroanterior projection in lumbar spine radiography.

Background The aim of the study was to compare patient radiation dose and image quality in planar lumbar spine radiography using the PA and AP projection in a large variety of patients of both sexes and different sizes. Patients and methods In the first phase data of image field size, DAP, effective dose and image quality were gathered for AP and PA projection in lumbar spine imaging of anthropomorphic phantom. In the second phase, data of BMI, image field size, diameter of the patient's abdomen, DAP, effective dose and image quality were gathered for 100 patients of both sexes who were referred to lumbar spine radiography.