Evaluating ChatGPT-4's performance as a digital health advisor for otosclerosis surgery.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4, an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, in providing accurate and comprehensible information to patients regarding otosclerosis surgery.

Methods: On October 20, 2023, 15 hypothetical questions were posed to ChatGPT-4 to simulate physician-patient interactions about otosclerosis surgery. Responses were evaluated by three independent ENT specialists using the DISCERN scoring system.

Evaluating the Success of ChatGPT in Addressing Patient Questions Concerning Thyroid Surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility and efficacy of ChatGPT in addressing questions related to thyroid surgery, taking into account accuracy, readability, and relevance.

Methods: A simulated physician-patient consultation on thyroidectomy surgery was conducted by posing 21 hypothetical questions to ChatGPT. Responses were evaluated using the DISCERN score by 3 independent ear, nose and throat specialists.

Impact of sarcopenia on overall survival and local relapse in head and neck cancer patients undergoing surgical excision.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on overall survival and local relapse in head and neck cancer patients undergoing surgical excision.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study includes head and neck cancer patients primarily treated with surgical excision in a tertiary care center. Patients were included if they had undergone an abdominal region Computer Tomography scan at least 45 days before the surgical excision.

Comprehensiveness of online sources for patient education on otosclerosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the readability indices of websites including educational materials on otosclerosis.

Methods: We performed a Google search on 19 April 2023 using the term "otosclerosis." The first 50 hits were collected and analyzed.

Caregiver Burnout in Pediatric Laryngomalacia: The Role of Clinical and Psychological Factors.

Introduction: This study aims to assess caregiver burnout in relation to children diagnosed with laryngomalacia and identify factors influencing burnout levels.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 101 caregivers of children with laryngomalacia was studied. Burnout was assessed using the Zarit burden interview (ZBI), while the Hamilton anxiety and Hamilton depression scales were employed to gauge psychological distress.

Size-selective microplastic uptake by freshwater organisms: Fish, mussel, and zooplankton.

Microplastics, as an emergent pollutant, have garnered substantial attention within aquatic environments, yet a significant knowledge gap persists regarding the interplay of organism size and pollution impacts on microplastic uptake in freshwater ecosystems. The main aim of the current study is to assess the microplastic ingestion by aquatic organisms across diverse trophic levels. To achieve this objective, zooplankton, mussels (Anodonta anatina), and fish (Carassius gibelio) were collected from the highly polluted Susurluk River Basin in Türkiye.

Effectiveness of Training: Airway Management of Tracheostomized Pediatric Patients by Pediatric Residents and Anesthesiology Residents.

To evaluate the effect of training on increasing baseline knowledge of pediatrics and anesthesia residents about airway management of pediatric patients with tracheostomy. It is a prospective, descriptive, before and after survey study. A questionnaire was conducted to measure the baseline knowledge of pediatrics and anesthesia residents about airway management in patients with pediatric tracheotomy.

Comprehensiveness of online sources for patient education on hereditary hearing impairment.

Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating the readability of online sources on hereditary hearing impairment (HHI).

Methods: In August 2022, the search terms "hereditary hearing impairment", "genetic deafness", hereditary hearing loss", and "sensorineural hearing loss of genetic origin" were entered into the Google search engine and educational materials were determined. The first 50 websites were determined for each search.

Evaluating YouTube as a source of patient information for pediatric tracheostomy care.

Objectives: To evaluate YouTube's usefulness as a source of information concerning pediatric tracheostomy care.

Materials And Methods: On August 10, 2022, the top 50 YouTube search results for "pediatric tracheostomy care" were displayed. Each video was evaluated by a jury of three otolaryngologists with at least 2 years of professional experience in pediatric otolaryngology using DISCERN, scoring system of Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and the Global Quality Score (GQS).

Can Pyrolysis Oil Be Used as a Feedstock to Close the Gap in the Circular Economy of Polyolefins?

Plastics are engineering marvels that have found widespread use in all aspects of modern life. However, poor waste management practices and inefficient recycling technologies, along with their extremely high durability, have caused one of the major environmental problems facing humankind: waste plastic pollution. The upcycling of waste plastics to chemical feedstock to produce virgin plastics has emerged as a viable option to mitigate the adverse effects of plastic pollution and close the gap in the circular economy of plastics.

Does persistent organic pollutant PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) negative impacts on the aquatic invertebrate organism, Astacus leptodactylus [Eschscholtz, 1823].

Highly persistent perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an industrial fluorinated organic chemical with significant bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of sublethal PFOS on the aquatic invertebrate organism, narrow-clawed crayfish [Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823]. The 96 h LC value was determined as 48.

Platelet-rich plasma for laryngotracheal reconstruction: an experimental study.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study was designed to evaluate the graft healing effect of topical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in a rabbit model.

Study Design: It is a prospective randomized control animal study.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen healthy New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to two groups of eight animals each.

Predictive fiberoptic endoscopic findings of upper airway in children with allergic rhinitis.

Objective: To determine predictive fiberoptic findings of upper airway in children with allergic rhinitis.

Method: 129 children had fiberoptic evaluation of nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx. They were divided into allergic rhinitis group and normal group based on skin prick test results.

Genotoxicity of sub-lethal di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

This study aimed to assess genotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) erythrocytes after exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of 10 mg L(-1) di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) for 24 and 96 h. The results showed that mean MN frequencies in both DBP and ethyl methane-sulfonate (EMS, positive control for MN bioassay) groups were significantly different (p<0.01) with respect to control and solvent control groups, in both exposure scenarios.

Impact of DBP on histology and expression of HSP 70 in gill and liver tissue of Cyprinus carpio.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) widely used plasticizer in the plastic industry, affects regulation of the endocrine system and causes toxicity in animals. In the present study, the aim was to study the toxic effects/damages of DBP exposure using Hsp70 levels and histopathological changes in Carp liver and gill. Hsp70 expression levels were assessed as specific biomarker of in vivo ecotoxicological stress.

Freezing of Apheresis Platelet Concentrates in 6% Dimethyl Sulfoxide: The First Preliminary Study in Turkey.

Objective: Transfusion of platelet suspensions is an essential part of patient care for certain clinical indications. In this pioneering study in Turkey, we aimed to assess the in vitro hemostatic functions of platelets after cryopreservation.

Materials And Methods: Seven units of platelet concentrates were obtained by apheresis.

Multiscale assembly for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Our understanding of cell biology and its integration with materials science has led to technological innovations in the bioengineering of tissue-mimicking grafts that can be utilized in clinical and pharmaceutical applications. Bioengineering of native-like multiscale building blocks provides refined control over the cellular microenvironment, thus enabling functional tissues. In this review, we focus on assembling building blocks from the biomolecular level to the millimeter scale.

Spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity of permethrin in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.

The toxicity of permethrin on the fertilization and early development of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos were studied. Spermiotoxicity was evaluated on the basis of fertilization rate. Embryotoxicity was determined by comparing the frequency of normal development and malformations in embryos exposed to permethrin throughout their development.

Adaptive optics compensation of multiple orbital angular momentum beams propagating through emulated atmospheric turbulence.

We propose an adaptive optics compensation scheme to simultaneously compensate multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence. A Gaussian beam on one polarization is used to probe the turbulence-induced wavefront distortions and derive the correction pattern for compensating the OAM beams on the orthogonal polarization. By using this scheme, we experimentally demonstrate simultaneous compensation of multiple OAM beams, each carrying a 100  Gbit/s data channel through emulated atmospheric turbulence.

Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in water and sediment samples from Lake Manyas, Turkey.

The extent of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) contamination in Manyas Lake (Bird Lake) and its tributary rivers and streams which is situated near the South-eastern coasts of the Marmara Sea in Turkey was investigated. Residues of OCPs in surface water and sediment samples were analysed by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. The total OCPs concentration (sigmaOCPs) in water and sediment samples ranged from 1.

100 Tbit/s free-space data link enabled by three-dimensional multiplexing of orbital angular momentum, polarization, and wavelength.

We investigate the orthogonality of orbital angular momentum (OAM) with other multiplexing domains and present a free-space data link that uniquely combines OAM-, polarization-, and wavelength-division multiplexing. Specifically, we demonstrate the multiplexing/demultiplexing of 1008 data channels carried on 12 OAM beams, 2 polarizations, and 42 wavelengths. Each channel is encoded with 100 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying data, providing an aggregate capacity of 100.

Shot noise statistics and information theory of sensitivity limits in frequency-modulated continuous-wave ladar.

A theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the sensitivity limits of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) ladar in the limit of a strong local oscillator is presented. The single-photon sensitivity of coherent heterodyne detection in this shot-noise dominated limit is verified to extend to linearly chirped waveforms. An information theoretic analysis is presented to estimate the information efficiency of received photons for the task of locating the range to single and multiple targets.

Atmospheric turbulence effects on the performance of a free space optical link employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing.

We experimentally investigate the performance of an orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed free space optical (FSO) communication link through emulated atmospheric turbulence. The turbulence effects on the crosstalk and system power penalty of the FSO link are characterized. The experimental results show that the power of the transmitted OAM mode will tend to spread uniformly onto the neighboring mode in medium-to-strong turbulence, resulting in severe crosstalk at the receiver.