Isolated Left Extensor Hallucis Longus Palsy Secondary to Deep Peroneal Nerve Injury in a 15-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report.

Introduction: Nerve palsies are potential consequences of fractures that can result in temporary loss of muscular function. Nerve palsies have not been extensively described in the context of tibial tubercle fractures in the pediatric population. Although the symptoms accompanying nerve palsies concern patients, evidence suggests that non-operative management often results in full functional recovery over time.

No Value Found With Routine Early Postoperative Radiographs after Implant Removal in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Implants are routinely removed in pediatric patients. Fracture through the prior implant site is a common worry after implant removal. Early post-implant removal radiographs are routinely used to evaluate the prior implant removal sites and to assess when a patient may return to normal activities.

Can placement of hook at the upper instrumented level decrease the proximal junctional kyphosis risk in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Objective: Proximal junctional kyphosis is a commonly encountered clinical and radiographic phenomenon after pediatric and adolescent spinal deformity surgery that may lead to postoperative deformity, pain, and dissatisfaction. The purpose of the study was to identify whether the placement of transverse process hooks is an effective way to prevent PJK.

Methods: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion between November 2015 and May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Proximal junctional kyphosis in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review and critical analysis.

Purpose: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a commonly encountered clinical and radiographic phenomenon after pediatric and adolescent spinal deformity surgery that may lead to post-operative deformity, pain, and dissatisfaction. Understanding the risk factors of PJK can be useful for pre-operative informed consent as well as to identify any potential preventative strategies.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and critical analysis following the PRISMA statement in July 2019 by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, including all prior published studies.

Postoperative Correction in Idiopathic Scoliosis: Which Preoperative Imaging Technique Is Most Predictive?

Introduction: Preoperative radiographic assessment of curve flexibility in patients with idiopathic scoliosis is important to determine Lenke classification, operative levels, and potential postoperative correction. However, no consensus exists regarding the optimal technique. We compared measurements from supine side bending (SB) and intraoperative traction radiographs under general anesthesia (TUGA) with actual postoperative correction followed for 1 year.

Getting Them Back in the Game: When Can Athletes With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Safely Return to Sports? A Mixed-effects Study of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Association of North America.

Background: Despite the relative frequency of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) and instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), there are limited guidelines for postoperative return to sports. Few studies explore factors influencing treating surgeons' recommendations.

Methods: A survey presenting several clinical vignettes of patients who had undergone PSF for AIS was distributed to 1496 Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) members.

Is There Value in Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis After Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery? A 28-Year Single Center Study.

Background: With a recognized increase in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children, especially in those with complex, chronic conditions, it is important for patient safety and risk management to identify subgroups that would benefit from prophylactic treatment. The aim of our study was to assess whether scoliosis surgery in children was associated with an increased incidence of VTE, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, and if chemoprophylaxis is warranted.

Methods: We reviewed our institution's Pediatric Orthopaedic Spine Database (1992-2019) to identify patients who had a symptomatic VTE postoperatively.

Current Concepts in Pediatric Septic Arthritis.

Septic arthritis continues to present challenges regarding the clinical diagnosis, workup, and definitive management. Urgent management is essential, so treating surgeons must efficiently work through differential diagnoses, identify concomitant infections, and do a timely irrigation and débridement. The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, typically resulting in a more rapid progression of symptoms with more severe clinical presentation.

Bidirectional wavelength-division multiplexing transmission over installed fibre using a simplified optical coherent access transceiver.

High-speed broadband services require optical fibres in access networks, in which multiple subscribers are connected to service providers, to satisfy the continuously growing bandwidth demand. The primitive signaling scheme used in access networks enables the use of low-cost equipment but diminishes the bandwidth available to end-users. Thus, current technology will be unable to support future broadband demands.

Bicolumnar 90-90 plating of AO 13C type fractures.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate functional results and complication rate of patients who underwent medial-dorsolateral plating for intra-articular distal humeral fracture (Müller AO type 13C).

Methods: Twenty-four patients (14 men, 10 women; mean age: 47 years) with AO type 13C distal humerus fracture were included in the study. Mean follow-up time was 28 months.

Comparison of digital signal-signal beat interference compensation techniques in direct-detection subcarrier modulation systems.

Single-polarization direct-detection transceivers may offer advantages compared to digital coherent technology for some metro, back-haul, access and inter-data center applications since they offer low-cost and complexity solutions. However, a direct-detection receiver introduces nonlinearity upon photo detection, since it is a square-law device, which results in signal distortion due to signal-signal beat interference (SSBI). Consequently, it is desirable to develop effective and low-cost SSBI compensation techniques to improve the performance of such transceivers.

DSP algorithms for recovering single-carrier Alamouti coded signals for PON applications.

Alamouti space-time block code (STBC) combined with a simple heterodyne coherent receiver enables phase diverse coherent detection without any optical polarization tracking. While such a system consisting of only a 3-dB coupler and a single balanced photodiode has been recently demonstrated using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signals, herein we report the first application to single-carrier systems. Applicability of such technique for single-carrier systems is not straightforward since specialized digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms are required for data recovery.

Signal-signal beat interference cancellation in spectrally-efficient WDM direct-detection Nyquist-pulse-shaped 16-QAM subcarrier modulation.

An experimental demonstration of direct-detection single-sideband Nyquist-pulse-shaped 16-QAM subcarrier modulated (Nyquist-SCM) transmission implementing a receiver-based signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) cancellation technique is described. The performance improvement with SSBI mitigation, which compensates for the nonlinear distortion caused by square-law detection, was quantified by simulations and experiments for a 7 × 25 Gb/s WDM Nyquist-SCM signal with a net optical information spectral density (ISD) of 2.0 (b/s)/Hz.

Nyquist-shaped dispersion-precompensated subcarrier modulation with direct detection for spectrally-efficient WDM transmission.

The use of single-sideband subcarrier modulation (SCM) with Nyquist (N) pulse shaping for cost-effective spectrally-efficient wavelength division multiplexed transmission with direct detection is described. Transmission of digitally pre-compensated 7 × 11 GHz-spaced QPSK SCM channels at 14 Gb/s per channel is experimentally demonstrated over distances of up to 800 km of uncompensated standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) (13440 ps/nm chromatic dispersion).