The roles of kinetochore of micronucleus in mitosis of HeLa cells: a live cell imaging study.

Background: Micronuclei (MNi) are extensively used to evaluate genotoxic effects and chromosome instability. However, the roles of kinetochore of MN in mitosis have not been completely addressed.

Methods: The HeLa CENP B-GFP H2B-mCherry cells are applied to address these questions via the long-term live-cell imaging.

A Simple and Rapid Turn On ESIPT Fluorescent Probe for Colorimetric and Ratiometric Detection of Biothiols in Living Cells.

Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a key role in an extensive range of physiological processes and biological functions. Therefore, the selective and sensitive detection of intracellular thiols is important for revealing cellular function. In this study, ethyl 2-(4-(acryloyloxy)-3-formylphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (NL-AC) was designed and synthesized as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe that can be utilized to rapidly, sensitively and selectively detect biothiols in physiological media.

Differences in the origins of kinetochore-positive and kinetochore-negative micronuclei: A live cell imaging study.

Micronuclei (MNi) are extensively used to evaluate genotoxicity and chromosomal instability. Classification of kinetochore-negative (K-MNi) and kinetochore-positive micronuclei (K+MNi) improves the specificity and sensitivity of the micronucleus (MN) test; however, the fundamental differences in the origins of K-MNi and K+MNi have not been addressed due to the limitations of traditional methods. In the current study, HeLa CENP B-GFP H2B-mCherry cells were constructed in which histone 2B (H2B) and centromere protein B (CENP B) were expressed as fusion proteins to monomeric Cherry (mCherry) and EGFP, respectively.

The fate of micronucleated cells post X-irradiation detected by live cell imaging.

Micronuclei are closely related to DNA damage. The presence of micronuclei in mammalian cells is a common phenomenon post ionizing radiation. The level of micronucleation in tumor cells has been used to predict prognosis after radiotherapy in many cancers.

Activated toxicity of diesel particulate extract by ultraviolet a radiation in mammalian cells: role of singlet oxygen.

Background: Diesel exhaust [diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and their extracts (DPE)] and ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) are two ubiquitous environmental factors that have been identified as essential risk factors for various benign or malignant human diseases, either alone or in combination with other agents.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of DPE and UVA at low-dose exposures in human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells and their underlying mechanisms.

Methods: We exposed exponentially growing AL cells to DPE and/or UVA radiation with or without reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenchers and then assayed the cells for survival, mutation induction, apoptosis, and micronucleus generation.

Enhanced radiation damage in irradiated and non-irradiated bystander regions by co-exposure to myosmine.

It is important to evaluate the health effects of radiation concurrent exposure to chemicals in our daily life. Myosmine, an alkaloid in tobacco plants and various edibles and staple foods, has been considered as a co-genotoxic agent in vitro. In the present study, the damage induced by radiation concurrent exposure to myosmine was assessed in human primary cell line AG1522.

Radiation-induced bystander effects enhanced by elevated sodium chloride through sensitizing cells to bystander factors.

Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been demonstrated to occur widely in various cell lines. However, very little data is available on the genotoxic effects of RIBE combined with other factor(s). We reported previously that with a low dose of alpha-particle irradiation, the fraction of gamma-H2AX foci-positive cells in non-irradiated bystander cells was significantly increased under elevated NaCl culture conditions.

Elevated sodium chloride concentrations enhance the bystander effects induced by low dose alpha-particle irradiation.

Previous studies have shown that high NaCl can be genotoxic, either alone or combined with irradiation. However, little is known about the relationship between environmental NaCl at elevated conditions and radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). RIBE, which has been considered as non-targeted bystander responses, has been demonstrated to occur widely in various cell lines.