The effect of postoperative hepatic fibrosis factors on morbidity in mitral valve replacement surgery: A single center ten years' experience.

Background: Previous studies have shown that hepatic fibrosis indices and rates can be used to predict cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Our aim with this study was to investigate the effect of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index calculated with ALT, AST, and platelet biomarkers, which are simple, fast, and relatively inexpensive and were used in previous studies to predict cardiovascular disease prognosis, on the prediction of postoperative morbidity and early mortality after mitral valve replacement (MVR) surgery.

Methods: By scanning the hospital electronic health record system, 116 patients who underwent isolated MVR or MVR + tricuspid valve intervention were identified from 178 patients who underwent MVR with the standard sternotomy procedure between 2011 and 2021.

Early Outcomes of a High PaO/FiO Ratio during Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

In cardiac surgery, supraphysiological oxygen levels are frequently applied perioperatively. In this study, we examined the postoperative effect of perioperative hyperoxemia in cardiac surgery. All patients who underwent mitral valve replacement via the standard sternotomy method between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed by scanning the hospital data system.

Evaluation of Acute Renal Failure After Acinetobacter Baumannii-related Ventilator-associated Event: Routine Data Base Study.

Introduction: Ventilator-associated events (VAEs) are major complications of mechanical ventilation (MV). Herein, we aimed to evaluate whether acute kidney injury (AKI) developed in patients who had been followed up with the diagnosis of Acinetobacter baumannii (AcB)-related VAE, the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), and its relationship with mortality in patients who developed AKI due to colistin treatment.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 2,622 patients was conducted.

Mild Hypothermia via External Cooling Improves Lung Function and Alleviates Pulmonary Inflammatory Response and Damage in Two-Hit Rabbit Model of Acute Lung Injury.

Objectives: Targeted temperature management (TTM) with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has an organ-protective effect by mainly reducing inflammatory response. Here, our objective was to determine, for the first time, whether mild TH with external cooling, a simple and inexpensive method, could be safe or even beneficial in two-hit rabbit model of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS).

Methods: Twenty-two New Zealand rabbits (6-month-old) were randomly divided into healthy control (HC) with conventional ventilation, but without injury, model group (ALI), and hypothermia group with external cooling (ALI-HT).

Altered kidney function induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute kidney damage markers predict survival outcomes of COVID-19 patients: a prospective pilot study.

Background: Literature with regard to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated morbidities and the risk factors for death are still emerging. In this study, we investigated the presence of kidney damage markers and their predictive value for survival among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19.

Methods: Forty-seven participants was included and grouped as: 'COVID-19 patients before treatment', 'COVID-19 patients after treatment', 'COVID-19 patients under treatment in intensive care unit (ICU)', and 'controls'.

Does coexistence of fragmented QRS and cardiovascular disease have the ability to predict the mortality in hospitalized, critically ill patients with COVID-19?

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic accuracy of the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on baseline electrocardiogram on the adverse outcome in critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: The current study was retrospective designed and included 169 patients who were critically ill with COVID-19 and CVD (mean age of 62±15 years). The patients were grouped into those who died (non-survivor group) and those who survived (survivor group).

Comparison of Intra-operative Pressure-Controlled Ventilation and Volume-Controlled Ventilation in Bariatric Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Background: Mechanical ventilation may be particularly challenging in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with those of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on peripheral tissue oxygenation (PTO), respiratory function, hemodynamic status, and ventilation-related complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with obesity who underwent gastric plication or sleeve gastrectomy were recruited for the study, and 60 patients (n=32, in group PCV; n=28, in group VCV) were ultimately enrolled.

Intranasal levosimendan prevents cognitive dysfunction and apoptotic response induced by repeated isoflurane exposure in newborn rats.

Anesthetic-induced toxicity in early life may lead to risk of cognitive decline at later ages. Notably, multiple exposures to isoflurane (ISO) cause acute apoptotic cell death in the developing brain and long-term cognitive dysfunction. This study is the first to investigate whether levosimendan (LVS), known for its protective myocardial properties, can prevent anesthesia-induced apoptotic response in brain cells and learning and memory impairment.

Continuous Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Control Decreases Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU), and among the several preventative strategies described to reduce the incidence of VAP, the most important is the endotracheal tube cuff (ETC) pressure. The present study was conducted on 60 patients who required mechanical ventilation (MV) in the ICU with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: The patients were randomized into two groups of 30, in which ETC pressure was regulated using a smart cuff manager (SCM) (Group II), or manual measurement approach (MMA) (Group I).

A randomized, double-blind study of the ultrasound assessment of the effect of pharyngeal packing on perioperative gastric volume in nasal surgery.

Background: Pharyngeal packing (PP) is commonly performed to reduce the incidence of perioperative blood ingestion (PBI) in nasal surgery (NS), and thus the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study examined the effects of PP on the perioperative gastric volume (GV) and PONV in patients undergoing NS, by ultrasound assessment.

Methods: Patients undergoing elective NS [septoplasty, septo-rhinoplasty (SRP) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)] were randomised to receive or not receive PP.

Isoflurane exposure in infant rats acutely increases aquaporin 4 and does not cause neurocognitive impairment.

Isoflurane is commonly used in pediatric population, but its mechanism of action in cognition is unclear. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) regulates water content in blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid. Various studies have provided evidence for the role of AQP4 in synaptic plasticity and neurocognition.

Use of Awake Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Nasal Intubation in Secure Airway Management for Reconstructive Surgery in a Pediatric Patient with Burn Contracture of the Neck.

Although the use of awake flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic (FFB) intubation is a well-recognized airway management technique in patients with difficult airway, its use in smaller children with burn contractures or in an uncooperative older child may be challenging. Herein, we report successful management of difficult airway in a 7-year-old boy with burn contracture of the neck, by application of FFB nasal intubation in a stepwise approach, first during an initial preoperative trial phase to increase patient cooperation and then during anesthesia induction for the reconstructive surgery planned for burn scars and contractures. Our findings emphasize the importance of a preplanned algorithm for airway control in secure airway management and feasibility of awake FFB intubation in a pediatric patient with burn contracture of the neck during anesthesia induction for reconstructive surgery.

Effects of Cilostazol and Diltiazem Hydrochloride on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Hindlimb Model.

Objective: Free radicals and neutrophils are potent sources of ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and they can be limited by the use of exogenous application of some therapeutic agents. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of cilostazol and diltiazem hydrochloride in a rat hind limb model of I/R injury. Methods: Skeletal muscles submitted to 2 hours of ischemia by placing an aneurysm clip to femoral artery and reperfused after 1, 2 and 4 hours.

[Leriche syndrome].

Leriche syndrome is a disease characterized by thrombotic occlusion in the aorta, frequently in the distal renal artery. Classic symptoms of this syndrome include pain in the lower extremities emerging during activity (claudication), impalpability of femoral pulses, and impotency in male patients. Definitive diagnosis of claudication due to insufficient circulation as well as claudication that is neurogenic in origin, is difficult.

Changes in intraocular pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in intraocular pressures (IOP) in patients who underwent pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: A total of 42 patients operated for elective coronary bypass surgery (CABG) on CPB were randomly allocated to pulsatile (Group P) and non-pulsatile (Group N) groups. Pulsatile flow was applied to Group P patients during crops-clamp period.

Luteolin ameliorates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat models.

Introduction And Aim: To study the protective, preventive effect of luteolin from colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Material And Method: Four different treatment options were tested on rats: colistin, luteolin, and a combination of colistin and luteolin, intraperitoneally as two doses a day, for seven days. Another group of rats were used as the control and treated with sterile saline.

Indirect laryngoscopic assessment for the diagnosis of difficult intubation in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using indirect laryngoscopy for the diagnosis of difficult intubations in patients who are undergoing microlaryngeal surgery.

Methods: In the pre-anesthetic examination the thyromental distance, sternomental distance, interincisor distance, neck circumference, modified Mallampati scores, and Wilson risk scores were measured. An otolaryngologist conducted an indirect laryngoscopic assessment.

EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE AND PHENIRAMINE MALEATE ON HEMODYNAMIC AND RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS AFTER CEMENTATION IN CEMENTED PARTIAL HIP PROSTHESIS.

Purpose: To prevent hemodynamic and respiratory changes that are likely to occur during cementation in partial hip prosthesis by prophylactic use of pheniramine maleate and dexamethasone.

Methods And Materials: The study included 40 patients aged between 60 and 85 years with an American Society ofAnesthesiologists (ASA) grade of II-III who underwent partial hip prosthesis. Just after spinal anesthesia, 4 mL normal saline was pushed in patients in Group S, whereas 45.

Cardiac condition during cooling and rewarming periods of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: Hypothermia has been used in cardiac surgery for many years for neuroprotection. Mild hypothermia (MH) [body temperature (BT) kept at 32-35°C] has been shown to reduce both mortality and poor neurological outcome in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study investigated whether patients who were expected to benefit neurologically from therapeutic hypothermia (TH) also had improved cardiac function.

Gastric Decompression Decreases Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in ENT Surgery.

There is a passive blood flow to the stomach during oral and nasal surgery. It may cause postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We researched the relationship between gastric decompression (GD) and severity of PONV in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery.

Is ultrasonic investigation of transverse tracheal air shadow diameter reasonable for evaluation of difficult airway in pregnant women: A prospective comparative study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinical screening tests (modified Mallampati score, Cormack-Lehane score, thyromental distance, and sternomental distance) with ultrasonic measurements of the upper airway in predicting difficult intubation in pregnant women whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is higher and lower than 30 kg m-2.

Methods: This study was designed as a prospective observational trial, and consisted of 40 pregnant women of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 1-2 groups. Patients with a BMI lower than 30 kg m-2 were included in Group 1 (n=20), and patients with a BMI higher than 30 kg m-2 were included in Group 2 (n=20).

[A case of combined thoracic epidural anesthesia-interscalene block application in high-risk mastectomy patients: a case report].

Recent advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques have facilitated general anesthesia and surgical possibilities in the higher-risk patient group. Although general anesthesia is the only preferred approach for breast surgery, there have been many clinical trials about breast surgery that has been achieved with regional anesthesia techniques. It is known that regional anesthesia application decreases the preoperative stress, postoperative morbidity and mortality.

[A new anagesic drug: pregabalin; and the first intoxications].

Pregabalin is an antiepileptic, analgesic and anxiolytic drug that GABA analogue with similar structure and actions to gabapentin. There are very few reports about pregabalin intoxication in the literature. A 24-year-old male presented following ingestion of 3 g of pregabalin in this report.

Use of a lower cut-off value for HbA1c to predict postoperative renal complication risk in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: There is an increasing interest in reexamining the relationship between glucose levels and postoperative complications. Threshold levels of HbA1c below those currently recommended may be additional indicators of risk for renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. In this study, the authors analyzed the perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations to evaluate the association of HbA1c levels and renal complications.