Effect of use of slow release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-Beta-2 in a chitosan gel matrix on cranial bone graft survival in experimental cranial critical size defect model.

Bone grafts, used for providing structural integrity of cranial vault remodeling, could not always integrate with the remaining bone structures. All efforts are focused on increasing incorporation of the applied bone grafts. Allografts were covered by chitosan so that slow release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Transforming growth factor-beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) was achieved.

Volumetric assessment of results of treatment of vascular malformations of the head and neck regions treated with a minimally invasive surgical technique after embolization procedure.

Treatment of large soft tissue vascular lesions, one of the greatest challenges facing plastic surgeons, is patient specific in almost all cases, and preoperative angiographic evaluation and embolization of these lesions are standards of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 3-dimensional demonstration and volumetric assessment of soft tissue vascular lesions both in the treatment of these lesions with curettage and in the participation of the patients to the decision-making process of the disease. Five patients with vascular malformation of the head and neck regions were included to this prospective trial.

Mandibular reconstruction in Goldenhar syndrome using temporalis muscle osteofascial flap.

Goldenhar syndrome is a well-known developmental anomaly of the maxillofacial skeleton and hemifacial soft tissue. Maxillofacial anomalies of that syndrome can be managed by a variety of means such as inlay- or onlay-applied nonvascularized bone grafts, vascularized osteocutaneous/osseous flaps, or distraction osteogenesis. Vascularized full-thickness calvarial bone grafting is an important option for mandibular reconstruction for cases in which, for one reason or another, other techniques are not available, not applicable, or have failed.

Vacuum-assisted wound closure for the management of a foot ulcer due to Buerger's disease.

Thromboangiitis obliterans is a segmental inflammatory disease of the small- and medium-sized vessels mainly affecting the extremities. Although there are numerous reports concerning the treatment of these debilitating, chronic ulcers, such as skin grafting, local flaps, and free flaps, this report is the first published case of a patient with Buerger's disease, successfully managed with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) application. This therapy decreases the period of hospital stay and increases patient comfort between dressings.

Effect of slow-release 5-Fluorouracil on capsule formation around silicone breast implants: an experimental study with mice.

Background: Capsule formation around breast implants, development of tendon adhesions after tendon repair, intestinal brits after laparatomies, hypertrophic scars in skin incisions all are the results of excessive collagen synthesis to the extracellular matrix by fibroblasts. Any intervention that leads to cessation of collagen synthesis in these clinical situations may help to prevent these untoward results of wound healing. Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used mainly as a cytotoxic drug in chemotherapy protocols, it decreases cellular metabolism and blocks protein synthesis only at lower concentrations.

Results of botulinum toxin: an application to blepharospasm Schwartz-Jampel syndrome.

Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare congenital disorder of continuous myotonia, causing visual and eyelid problems such as blepharospasm, acquired ptosis, and blepharophimosis. We report the management of blepharospasm in two sisters with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome with application of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), as an alternative to the surgical treatments, such as orbicularis oculi myectomy, levator aponeurosis resection, and lateral canthopexy as described in the literature. Three consequent doses of commercially available BTX-A (Botox-Allergan, Inc.

Blood loss and transfusion rates during repair of craniofacial deformities.

Surgical procedures for correction of craniofacial deformities resulted in unavoidable and extensive blood loss in small children and infants. Almost all of the patients undergoing these procedures will undergo a blood transfusion either during or immediately after the operation. A retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent craniofacial surgery was performed in this study to determine the magnitude of transfusion required for craniofacial surgery, document transfusion morbidity, and identify variables associated with the transfusion.

Solvent-dehydrated calvarial allografts in craniofacial surgery.

Craniofacial surgery almost always requires the use of bone grafting. Although autografts are the standard procedure for bone grafting, it is sometimes not possible to harvest bone, and autografts have particular risks. The use of allograft bone provides a reasonable alternative to meet the need for graft material.

Isolated supraorbital rim fracture displaced out of scalp: a case report.

Isolated fractures of the supraorbital rim are rarely seen. In this report, an isolated supraorbital rim fracture is presented in which the segment of the rim was completely removed from its location onto the frontal bone in a traffic accident. It was thought to be a foreign body and was delivered outside the scalp in the emergency service.

Hereditary intraosseous vascular malformation of the craniofacial region: imaging findings.

Benign vascular lesions can be classified into two categories depending on clinical behaviour and endothelial cell characteristics: neoplasms (haemangiomas) and vascular malformations. However, intraosseous vascular anomaly, previously called intraosseous haemangioma, is a very rare malformation. In our previous study, we described the first hereditary form of intraosseous vascular malformation of the craniofacial region, vascular malformation osseous (VMOS).

Effects of growth factors on doxorubicin-induced skin necrosis: documentation of histomorphological alterations and early treatment by GM-CSF and G-CSF.

Extravasation of vesicant antineoplastic agents such as doxorubicin into the skin or subcutaneous tissues may result in loss of the full thickness of the skin or underlying structures. Several treatment methods have been advocated but none has demonstrated any superiority to the others. The authors designed a controlled animal study in 88 rats to test three methods of early treatment of extravasation of the vesicant antineoplastic agent doxorubicin.

Reinnervation of denervated muscle in a split-nerve transfer model.

This study was performed to quantify the reinnervation of denervated muscle in a split-nerve transfer model and to determine any possible downgrading effects on the donor nerve and its end organ. Fifty-four adult Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were used. The experimental design consisted of two groups.

Tissue response to N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate after percutaneous injection into cutaneous vascular lesions.

Despite the fact that cyanoacrylates, a group of rapidly polymerizing adhesives, are used widely in general surgery, neuroradiology, otolaryngology, and plastic surgery, scientific data on histopathological changes resulting from the deposition of -butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), a new-generation cyanoacrylate derivative, in human tissues is based largely on experimental observations in animals and sporadic postmortem studies in humans. The authors report the consecutive pathological findings of a patient who underwent surgery for facial hemangioma after percutaneous injection of NBCA for devascularization of a lesion, and underwent additional surgery 1 and 6 months after the initial operation for the removal of the residual NBCA cast from the injection site. Acute inflammatory findings after injection of NBCA and the development of a chronic granulomatous foreign body reaction support the histological findings of experimental animal studies and postmortem examinations on humans.

A new experimental hypertrophic scar model in guinea pigs.

Many aspects of the biology and effective therapy of proliferative scars remain undefined, in part due to a lack of an accurate, practical, reproducible, and economical animal model for systematically studying hypertrophic scars. This study was designed to investigate whether hypertrophic scar formation could be induced in guinea pigs by removal of the panniculus carnosus alone, and by a combination of the removal of the panniculus carnosus with application of coal tar afterwards. Whole thickness skin excision or deep partial thickness injury was used to create the lesions on intact skin.

Hereditary intraosseous vascular malformation of the craniofacial region: an apparently novel disorder.

Primary intraosseous vascular anomaly, previously called intraosseous hemangioma, is a very rare malformation that is usually seen in the vertebral column and in the skull. It is exclusively described in sporadic cases and no hereditary component has yet been reported. The most commonly affected bones in the skull are the mandible and the maxilla, and life-threatening bleeding after a simple tooth extraction is frequently observed.

A new flap model in rats: iliac osteomusculocutaneous flap.

Although osteomusculocutaneous flaps are used frequently in clinical practice to repair defects involving soft tissue and bone, there are still many questions that remain to be answered regarding their basic physiology. To accomplish such basic science studies, simple and reliable animal osteomusculocutaneous flap models are needed. The purpose of this study was to describe a new flap model in rats--namely, the iliac osteomusculocutaneous flap.

Unilateral virginal breast hypertrophy.

A case of unilateral virginal breast hypertrophy with a review of the etiological factors and treatment modalities is presented. A 16-year-old girl presented with progressive enlargement of the left breast of 5 months' duration. The result of the mammographic examination was consistent with cystosarcoma phyllodes.

Comparison of immune response to nerve allograft segments in fetal and adult rabbits: a histological study.

Fetuses, as opposed to adults, are immature immunologically and it has been proved that they can tolerate allograft materials much better than adults. In this study the rejection phenomenon of nerve allografts was compared histologically in fetuses and adults. The study was performed in 60 New Zealand rabbits (30 pregnant and 30 nonpregnant), and allograft nerve segments were obtained from Chinchilla rabbits.

Intrasphenoidal migration of a premaxillary Kirschner wire.

Objective: The use of Kirschner wire for the fixation of premaxilla is a well-known method in bilateral cleft lip surgery. We report a case in which the Kirschner wire of the premaxillary fixation had migrated intrasphenoidally.

Results And Conclusions: The foreign body was accidentally discovered during a cephalometric analysis and was taken out surgically through an upper lip sulcus incision.

Lymphatic malformation causing intractable chylorrhagia.

Lymphatic malformation is a developmental error usually noticed at birth or in early childhood. Lesions of the upper leg and lower trunk are the most difficult to remove, because they are often the largest ones encountered and also because they tend to extend proximally into the retroperitoneal tissues. Chyle reflux, usually associated with lymphedema of the extremity, has not been reported to be caused by lymphatic malformation.