Alterations in energy metabolism, total protein, uric and nucleic acids in African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) exposed to crude oil and fractions.

Water contamination by crude oil is a growing challenge and little is known about the probabilistic and non-probabilistic ecosystem and species consequences. Therefore, research aimed at understanding species survival strategy in crude oil-contaminated environments with focus on cellular metabolic alterations and dynamics is vital. This study assessed the alterations in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), total protein (TP), uric and nucleic acids (UA, RNA, and DNA) in the liver, heart, kidney, blood supernatants, and muscle homogenates of African sharptooth catfish ([ASC] Clarias gariepinus) exposed to varying bonny-light crude oil concentrations to understand the underlying cause of their delayed development as well as potential health and wellbeing.

Effect of Pinkwater BioSolve on expression of proinflammatory cytokines and histological changes in embryo.

Pinkwater Biosolve (BioSolve®) is one bioremediating chemical which has been widely used for cleanup of crude oil spill in Nigeria. It is a water-based formulation of nonionic surfactants and other specialty chemicals. The level of toxicity resulting from environmental exposure to this chemical has not been well understood.

Effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (common bitter leaf) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rats exposed to cycasin.

This study investigated the effect of a methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status of the colon of rats maintained on a normal diet containing 5% Cycas revoluta (cycads). Fifty male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into five groups of ten experimental animals in a study that lasted for six weeks. One control group was maintained on a normal diet only while another group was fed a normal diet containing 5% cycads.

Palm oil induced changes in ocular tissue lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and ATPases of rabbits in cadmium toxicity.

This study determined the effect of supplementing rabbit diet with palm oil (PO) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and ATPases of different sections of the eyes in ocular cadmium toxicity. Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 5 rabbits in a study that lasted for 4 weeks. The control was given deionised water as eye drops and the other groups of rabbits were given eye drops of solution of 2mgkg(-1) body wt cadmium (as 3CdSO(4).

Bioaccumulation of cadmium and its biochemical effect on selected tissues of the catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

The present study examines the pattern of accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and its biochemical effects on selected tissues of a variety of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), after exposure to various doses of Cd. The results obtained indicate that at the end of 21 days of exposure, the total tissue organ cadmium concentration followed the pattern kidney > gill > liver > muscle for each of the exposure concentrations. The levels of Cd in these organs were higher than those in ambient water.

Alterations in glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation of tadpoles (Xenopus laevis) exposed to Bonny Light crude oil and its fractions.

We determined the effects of sub-lethal levels of Bonny Light crude oil (WC) and its water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions on malondialdehyde (MDA) and stress enzymes in tadpoles (Xenopus laevis) following two and 4 weeks exposure at different concentrations. We observed that the treatment of tadpoles with WC, WSF, or WIF decreased the weight of tadpoles, increased MDA levels, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) at lower concentrations of exposure and decreased the enzymes at higher doses of exposure. We found that the WC had a lesser negative effect on the parameters of tadpoles compared to the WSF.

Changes in carboxypeptidase A, dipeptidase and Na+/K+ ATPase activities in the intestine of rats orally exposed to different doses of cadmium.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium on some protein digestive and absorption enzymes in rats. Thirty-six rats were grouped into three groups of 12 animals each; one group received deionised water and acted as control. One group received 445 microM Cd and the last group received 890 microM Cd in their drinking water for a period of one month.

Levels of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and Na+/K+ ATPase in some tissues of rats exposed to a Nigerian-like diet and cadmium.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of a wholly compounded Nigerian-like diet on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Na+/K+ ATPase and level of lipid peroxidation in oral cadmium toxicity. Nine-week-old Wistar albino rats (100 +/- 2.0 g) were exposed to 100 ppm cadmium in drinking water and the Nigerian-like diet (low in protein and high in carbohydrates and fiber) for 16 wk.

Early biochemical events in mice exposed to cycas and fed a Nigerian-like diet.

Changes in colonic faecal microflora, enzymes of colonic energy metabolism, of cell proliferation and lipid profile in the serum and colon were studied in 48 mice exposed to cycas and fed a Nigeria-type diet. The animals were divided into three diet classes of 16 mice per class, and each class of animals was fed ad libitum either a normal diet, a high-carbohydrate high-fibre (HCF) diet or a high-protein high-fat (HPF) diet. Each diet class was subdivided into two equal groups of 8 animals each.

Early changes in energy metabolism in rats exposed to an acute level of deoxycholate and fed a Nigerian-like diet.

Early alterations in cellular energy metabolism, reductive biosynthesis and enzymes related to cell proliferation were studied in 40 Wistar albino rats exposed to an acute level of deoxycholate (DOC), and fed different diets. The animals were divided into four equal groups and fed ad libitum either a normal diet (ND), a high-carbohydrate high-fibre (HCF) diet, or a high-protein high-fat (HPF) diet. Three times weekly intrarectal injection of 40 mg/0.