nosocomial meningitis following spinal anesthesia - still a significant treatment dilemma.

Background: Infections of central nervous system after spinal anesthesia nowadays are a rarity; however, their presence might be of concern.

Case Description: We report the case of lateral ventricular empyema treated unsuccessfully with parenteral antibiotic therapy, with the clinical signs of a persisting meningitis. After several lumbar taps suggesting an infection, was isolated and a brain magnetic resonance imaging find out the collection in the left horn of the lateral ventricle.

Pyomyositis of piriformis muscle, as a rare cause of deep venous thrombosis.

The differential diagnosis of low back pain is long and rarities are under-diagnosed, with problems generally simplified as lumbar vertebral spondylosis or rheumatic conditions. Abscesses of piriform muscle are a particularity worth of evaluating when specific MRI changes are detected, and the condition might be underdiagnosed leading to delays in the treatment. We describe the case of an 18-year-old male with pyomyositis of left piriform muscle, complicated with iliac and femoral vein thrombosis, that responded well to combined antibiotherapy, anticoagulants and drainage.

Primary multiple cerebral hydatid cysts in an immunocompetent, low-risk patient.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection that occurs worldwide. Humans are infected through ingestion of parasite eggs in contaminated food, water or through direct contact with infected dogs, which are the definite host. Humans serve accidentally as intermediate host, and occurrences are common in children and young adults.