Fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal non-invasive biomarkers of infection in ayu ().

Unlabelled: With the rapid growth of inland aquaculture worldwide, side effects such as the discharge of nutrients and antibiotics pose a threat to the global environments. A sustainable future for aquaculture requires an effective management system, including the early detection of disease through the monitoring of specific biomarkers in aquaculture tanks. To this end, we investigated whether fish feces in aquaculture tanks could be used for non-invasive health monitoring using ayu () infected with , which causes bacterial cold-water disease worldwide.

Host specificity and virulence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum: a comparative study in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hosts.

Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial cold-water disease, is a devastating, worldwide distributed, fish pathogen causing significant economic loss in inland fish farms. Previous epidemiological studies showed that prevalent clonal complexes (CC) differ in fish species affected with disease such as rainbow trout, coho salmon and ayu, indicating significant associations between particular F. psychrophilum genotypes and host species.

Skin bacteria of rainbow trout antagonistic to the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum.

Rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) is a globally distributed freshwater fish disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. In spite of its importance, an effective vaccine is not still available. Manipulation of the microbiome of skin, which is a primary infection gate for pathogens, could be a novel countermeasure.

From the Flavobacterium genus to the phylum Bacteroidetes: genomic analysis of dnd gene clusters.

Phosphorothioate modification of DNA and the corresponding DNA degradation (Dnd) phenotype that occurs during gel electrophoresis are caused by dnd genes. Although widely distributed among Bacteria and Archaea, dnd genes have been found in only very few, taxonomically unrelated, bacterial species so far. Here, we report the presence of dnd genes and their associated Dnd phenotype in two Flavobacterium species.

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan.

The bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a serious problem for salmonid farming worldwide. This study investigates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) the population structure of this pathogen in Japan where it is also a major concern for ayu, a popular game fish related to salmoniforms. A total of 34 isolates collected across the country and 80 isolates sampled in a single model river by electrofishing were genotyped.

Significance of Na+ in the fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum, under energy depleted condition.

Vibrio anguillarum kills various kinds of fish over salinities ranging from seawater to freshwater. In this study, we investigated the role of Na(+) in V. anguillarum, especially under energy-depleted conditions such as in natural seawater.

Characteristics of Na-dependent respiratory chain in Vibrio anguillarum, a fish pathogen, in comparison with other marine Vibrios.

The activity of membrane-bound NADH oxidase of Vibrio anguillarum M93 (serotype J-O-1), which causes vibriosis in freshwater area was activated by Na(+) in the same manner as other marine Vibrios. However, in addition to Na(+), K(+) was also found to positively enhance the NADH oxidase activity of strain M93. This tendency has not been recognized in other marine Vibrios.