Development of a Binary End-of-Event Outcome Indicator for the NEMSIS Public Release Research Dataset.

Introduction: Emergency department and hospital discharge status are available for less than 2% of events recorded in the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) Public Release Research dataset. The purpose of this project was to develop a binary ("dead" vs. "alive") end-of-event outcome indicator for the NEMSIS dataset.

Females and Minority Racial/Ethnic Groups Remain Underrepresented in Emergency Medical Services: A Ten-Year Assessment, 2008-2017.

: Workforce diversity can reduce communication barriers and inequalities in healthcare delivery, especially in settings where time pressure and incomplete information may exacerbate the effects of implicit biases. Emergency medical services (EMS) professionals represent a critical entry point into the healthcare system for diverse populations, yet little is known regarding changes in the demographic composition of this workforce. Our primary objective was to describe the gender and racial/ethnic composition of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics who earned initial National EMS Certification from 2008 to 2017.