Secondary Anticoagulation Prophylaxis for Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Pediatric Intestinal Failure: Comparison of Short- Vs Long-Term Treatment Protocols.

Introduction: Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a devastating complication of central venous catheters in children with intestinal failure (IF), but the optimal preventive therapy of CRT is unknown. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of 2 protocols of secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).

Methods: This is a comparative cohort study of children from 2 IF programs who received secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis with LMWH for CRT.

Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Measurements in Children: Correlation With Hepatic Histology and Clinical Indicators of Portal Hypertension.

Objectives: In adults, elevated hepatic venous pressure gradients (HVPGs) are correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis on histopathology and predict worse outcomes including variceal bleeding and death. We aimed to examine the association between HVPG measurements, histopathologic findings, and clinical indicators of portal hypertension in children.

Methods: Utilizing retrospective data from 2 pediatric centers between 2006 and 2015, we identified children who underwent simultaneous HVPG measurement and transjugular liver biopsy.

Dietary Therapies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Evolving Inflammatory Bowel Disease Paradigm.

Nutrition has long been recognized as a critical component in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Formerly, nutritional interventions have focused on targeting improved weight gain and linear growth, as well as correction of micronutrient deficiencies. Recently, there has been growing interest and study of dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission.

The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: current and therapeutic insights.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a heterogeneous group of chronic disorders that result from the interaction of the intestinal immune system with the gut microbiome. Until recently, most investigative efforts and therapeutic breakthroughs were centered on understanding and manipulating the altered mucosal immune response that characterizes these diseases. However, more recent studies have highlighted the important role of environmental factors, and in particular the microbiota, in disease onset and disease exacerbation.

Management of ascites in children.

Ascites is the pathologic accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. There are many causes of fetal, neonatal and pediatric ascites; however, chronic liver disease and subsequent cirrhosis remain the most common. The medical and surgical management of ascites in children is dependent on targeting the underlying etiology.