Publications by authors named "Erin P Johnson"

Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to understand the beliefs and experiences of parents regarding stillbirth evaluation decisions, exploring factors influencing their choices.
  • - Interviewing 19 parents who experienced stillbirth in the last 5 years revealed various reasons for consenting to or declining evaluations, with facilitators including a belief in science and concern for future pregnancies, while barriers included emotional distress and prior diagnoses.
  • - The findings highlight the need for better decision support and training for medical providers to help parents navigate the challenges of stillbirth evaluations, potentially improving their experiences and reducing future regrets.
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Introduction: The goal of this paper is to explore what online education and decision support tools are freely available to patients about prenatal screening.

Materials And Methods: We 1) conducted an environmental scan using Google Trends to identify and evaluate prenatal screening search terms, 2) created a list of websites and YouTube videos that would be easily accessed by a searcher and 3) characterized the information within those websites and videos, including an examination of their qualities as a decision support tool and a readability analysis.

Results: Fifty websites, containing 62 unique educational resources, and 39 YouTube videos were analyzed.

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Background: Discharge communication between hospitalists and primary care clinicians is essential to improve care coordination, minimize adverse events, and decrease unplanned health services use. Health-related social needs are key drivers of health, and hospitalists and primary care clinicians value communicating social needs at discharge.

Objective: To 1) characterize the current state of discharge communications between an academic medical center hospital and primary care clinicians at associated clinics; 2) seek feedback about the potential usefulness of discharge readiness information to primary care clinicians.

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Background: Social risk screening during inpatient care is required in new CMS regulations, yet its impact on inpatient care and patient outcomes is unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate whether implementing a social risk screening protocol improves discharge processes, patient-reported outcomes, and 30-day service use.

Research Design: Pragmatic mixed-methods clinical trial.

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Background: COVID-19 impacted the experience of being hospitalized with the widespread adoption of strict visitation policies to ensure healthcare worker safety. One result was decreased time of caregivers at the bedside of hospitalized patients.

Objective: To understand the impact of pandemic-related system effects on patient-reported discharge preparation.

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Objectives: To understand the postmortem decision-making needs and preferences of parents of a stillborn.

Methods: A qualitative content analysis was conducted. Patients who received stillbirth care at the University of Utah in the last 5 years, were 18 years of age or older, and English speakers, were invited to participate via an email and follow-up phone call.

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Introduction: Rapid advances in prenatal genetic screening technology make it difficult for providers to deliver adequate prenatal counseling. The aim of this study was to understand how prenatal screening educational approaches can meet the needs of patients.

Methods: Qualitative content analysis was conducted on a diverse population who were interviewed to explore their perceived experiences and preferences for prenatal screening educational delivery.

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Introduction: Intrahospital transitions (IHTs) represent movements of patients during hospitalisation. While transitions are often clinically necessary, such as a transfer from the emergency department to an intensive care unit, transitions may disrupt care coordination, such as discharge planning. Family carers often serve as liaisons between the patient and healthcare professionals.

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This study is a part of a parent study: Social Needs and Resources in the Evaluation and Enhancement of Discharge Support. The trial registry is clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT04248738.

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Background: To encourage self-determination and address health disparities among persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, clinicians and researchers rely on self-reported measures like health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a theory-driven self-reported HRQoL measure for adults requiring mild to moderate support related to intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Method: 224 volunteers completed 42 quality of life items developed with extensive input from persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, family members/caregivers, and providers.

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We developed a video and an app for obtaining consent about allowing newborn blood spots (NBS) to be used as biospecimen resources for biobanking. Newborn screening programs test for treatable diseases and leave residual biospecimens that can be used in future research activities. We conducted focus groups and interviews with three diverse communities to determine (a) how well the consent tools worked and (b) participant familiarity with NBS.

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Expanded carrier screening (ECS) is increasingly offered to a broader population and raises challenges of how to best educate and counsel the volume of screened individuals. For this study, we compared three educational tools (brochure, video and comic) about ECS on knowledge and decision making. A convenience online sample of 151 pregnant women was randomized to one of three groups (Video, n = 42; Comic n = 54; Brochure n = 55).

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Purpose: State-run newborn screening programs screen nearly all babies born in the United States at the time of delivery. After newborn screening has been completed, some states store the residual dried bloodspots. It is unknown how they have been used to address health disparities-related research.

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Purpose: Children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and reading disability (RD) have poor phonological awareness, a problem believed to arise largely from deficits in processing the sensory information in speech, specifically individual acoustic cues. However, such cues are details of acoustic structure. Recent theories suggest that listeners also need to be able to integrate those details to perceive linguistically relevant form.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the genetic relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities in non-adult twins, specifically analyzing data from 41 identical (MZ) and 30 same-sex fraternal (DZ) twin pairs.
  • - Researchers found that both brain volumes (like total brain volume and neocortex) and cognitive measures (like verbal IQ and performance IQ) are significantly heritable, with PIQ showing strong genetic links to all brain volume measures.
  • - A novel result indicated that while there is a significant genetic relationship between brain volumes and cognition, environmental factors did not play a role; notably, processing speed was genetically related to total brain volume and neocortex, but not to the prefrontal cortex.
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Background: Deficient rapid auditory processing (RAP) has been associated with early language impairment and dyslexia. Using an auditory masking paradigm, children with language disabilities perform selectively worse than controls at detecting a tone in a backward masking (BM) condition (tone followed by white noise) compared to a forward masking (FM) condition (tone preceded by white noise). Tallal's (1980) auditory processing hypothesis posits that abnormal RAP leads to reduced (or impaired) phonological awareness (PA), resulting in reading and language difficulties.

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Underage drinking and drug use among college students are major public health concerns, yet few studies have examined these behaviors and their associated risk factors and consequences prospectively. This paper describes the sampling and recruitment methods of a longitudinal study of 1253 college students at a large, mid-Atlantic university. Incoming first-year students were screened during the unique window between high school and college in order to oversample drug users for longitudinal follow-up.

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Study Objective: To define, among a sample of college students, the nature and extent of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NPS), including both overuse and use of someone else's drug, for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); to characterize NPS among individuals not medically using a prescription stimulant for ADHD; and to determine whether NPS and overuse of a medically prescribed stimulant for ADHD were independently associated with an increased risk of other illicit drug use and dependence on alcohol and marijuana.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of personal interview data.

Setting: Large public university in the mid-Atlantic region.

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