Prospective Multireader Evaluation of Photon-counting CT for Multiple Myeloma Screening.

Purpose To determine whether photon-counting CT (PCCT) acquisition of whole-body CT images provides similar quantitative image quality and reader satisfaction for multiple myeloma screening at lower radiation doses than does standard energy-integrating detector (EID) CT. Materials and Methods Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance prospectively underwent clinical noncontrast whole-body CT with EID and same-day PCCT (August-December 2021). Five axial scan locations were evaluated by seven radiologists, with 11% (eight of 70) of images including osteolytic lesions.

Comparison of Simulated Low-Dose and Conventional-Dose CT for Preoperative Planning in Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Shoulder computed tomography (CT) is commonly utilized in preoperative planning for total shoulder arthroplasty. Conventional-dose shoulder CT may expose patients to more ionizing radiation than is necessary to provide high-quality images for this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of simulated low-dose CT images for preoperative planning using manual measurements and common preoperative planning software.

Imaging of Patellofemoral Instability.

Patellar instability is a broad term that encompasses patellar dislocation, patellar subluxation, and patellar instability. Although both functional and anatomic considerations contribute to symptoms of patellar instability, the most important are thought to be patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, and lateralization of the tibial tubercle. In patients with a history suspicious for prior patellar dislocation, careful evaluation of MRI and radiographic studies can reveal characteristic findings.

Upper extremity exertional rhabdomyolysis: MR imaging findings in four cases.

While uncommon, exertional-induced rhabdomyolysis is an important diagnostic consideration when encountering hyperintensity within one or more muscles on fluid sensitive sequences in conjunction with signal abnormality in the overlying superficial fascia and subcutaneous fat. The clinical history of recent extreme exercise helps distinguish this disorder from other possible diagnoses, such as cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, compartment syndrome, inflammatory processes and diabetic myonecrosis. Patients diagnosed with severe exertional induced rhabdomyolysis often require hospital admission for intravenous hydration and serial laboratory monitoring due to the potential risk of acute renal failure.

MR Imaging of the Rotator Cuff.

The cause of rotator cuff tears is multifactorial with both intrinsic and extrinsic contributing factors. Understanding the normal MR anatomy of the rotator cuff and using an appropriate search pattern can help readers identify common pathologic conditions. Accurate designation using classification systems for tear thickness, size, and degree of retraction and muscle fatty infiltration and atrophy are important in guiding surgical management.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Hip Arthroscopy Correlations.

The hip is a complex joint which commonly generates referrals to orthoaedic surgeons. Hip arthroscopy continues to expand its indications for addressing hip pathology. Before operative intervention, the appropriate information must be obtained with magnetic resonance imaging playing a significant role in the workup given its outstanding characterization of soft tissue anatomy.

Tip-of-the-Iceberg Fractures: Small Fractures That Mean Big Trouble.

Objective: Several small and seemingly unimportant fractures are associated with other more serious injuries, usually to adjacent soft tissues. The purpose of this article is to discuss 11 of these injuries, in each case describing the fracture (the tip) and the injuries that lie beneath the surface (the iceberg).

Conclusion: Some fractures should be considered analogous to the tip of an iceberg.

Intact flagellar motor of Borrelia burgdorferi revealed by cryo-electron tomography: evidence for stator ring curvature and rotor/C-ring assembly flexion.

The bacterial flagellar motor is a remarkable nanomachine that provides motility through flagellar rotation. Prior structural studies have revealed the stunning complexity of the purified rotor and C-ring assemblies from flagellar motors. In this study, we used high-throughput cryo-electron tomography and image analysis of intact Borrelia burgdorferi to produce a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the in situ flagellar motor without imposing rotational symmetry.

Extraction and analysis of sterols in biological matrices by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

We describe the development of a high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method that allows the identification and quantitation of sterols in mammalian cells and tissues. Bulk lipids are extracted from biological samples by a modified Bligh/Dyer procedure in the presence of eight deuterated sterol standards to allow subsequent quantitation and determination of extraction efficiency. Sterols and other lipids are resolved by HPLC on a reverse-phase C18 column using a binary gradient of methanol and water, both containing 5mM ammonium acetate.