Choice adaptation to changing environments: trends, feedback, and observability of change.

Making successful decisions in dynamic environments requires that we adapt our actions to the changing environmental conditions. Past research has found that people are slow to adapt their choices when faced with change, they tend to be over-reliant on initial experiences, and they are susceptible to factors such as feedback and the direction of change (trend). We build on these findings using two experiments that manipulate feedback and trend in a binary choice task, where decisions are made from experience.

Training pediatric residents to provide parent education: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of Primary Care Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) training on pediatric residents and the families they serve to test 2 hypotheses: first, training would significantly improve resident skill in identifying and addressing discrete parenting and child behavior problems; and second, parents would report an improvement in their sense of self-efficacy, use of positive discipline strategies, and their child's behavior.

Methods: Study participants included pediatric residents from 3 community clinics of a pediatric residency program, as well as English-speaking parents of children aged 18 months to 12 years without a diagnosed behavior disorder cared for by study residents. Residents were randomized to receive Primary Care Triple P training either at the beginning or end of the study period.

Bone marrow involvement in patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: incidence and prognostic factors.

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders are classified as monomorphic, polymorphic, early lesions, or Hodgkin lymphoma type. Staging bone marrow examination is recommended in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder patients; however, information regarding bone marrow involvement in these disorders, especially as related to the posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder subtype, is scarce. We reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 72 posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder cases to determine the frequency of bone marrow involvement by various subtypes of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, the clinical features of patients with and without bone marrow involvement, and their outcome.

The Case for School-Based Depression Screening: Evidence From Established Programs.

This paper reviews the evidence base supporting early detection of depression through school-based screening. An overview of the rationale for school-based depression screening is presented. Evaluation highlights from established screening programs based in secondary schools that have been reviewed in the mental health, public health, and educational literatures are described.