Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in three pregnancy cohorts from 7 U.S. study sites.

Objective: Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse birth and developmental outcomes in children. We aimed to describe prenatal PAH exposures in a large, multisite U.S.

Baseline characteristics of children in the International PANS Registry (IPR) Epidemiology Study.

Purpose: The International PANS Registry (IPR) Epidemiology Study is a registry-based, longitudinal study. We designed this study to improve phenotyping and characterisation of children with paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and PANS-like features and facilitate multidisciplinary and translational health research. This cohort provides new opportunities to address unresolved research questions related to the broad spectrum of heterogenous PANS-like conditions.

Barriers to Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Uptake in a Pediatric Inpatient Healthcare Setting After Implementation of Clinical Decision Support.

Every heatlhcare encounter is an opportunity to provide both acute care and health maintenance to children. A Clinical Decision Support (CDS) intervention was instituted in a tertiary pediatric health system to improve influenza vaccination rates during the 2019-2020 season among eligible children receiving care in an acute care inpatient healthcare setting. This study explores reasons for low vaccine uptake following implementation of a CDS aimed at improving vaccine administration as well as identifying possible solutions to improve flu vaccine coverage.

Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior.

Background: Animal and epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may negatively impact toddler neurodevelopment.

Methods: We investigated this association in 835 mother-child pairs from CANDLE, a diverse pregnancy cohort in the mid-South region of the U.S.

Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support Strategy to Increase Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Among Hospitalized Children Before Inpatient Discharge.

Importance: Hospitalized children are at increased risk of influenza-related complications, yet influenza vaccine coverage remains low among this group. Evidence-based strategies about vaccination of vulnerable children during all health care visits are especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To design and evaluate a clinical decision support (CDS) strategy to increase the proportion of eligible hospitalized children who receive a seasonal influenza vaccine prior to inpatient discharge.

The home air in agriculture pediatric intervention (HAPI) trial: Rationale and methods.

Background: Data addressing air quality effects on children with asthma in rural U.S. communities are rare.

Utilization of driving and other transportation rehabilitation in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Background: As people age, their mobility begins to decrease. In an effort to maintain mobility, this population can seek out rehabilitation services with the goal of improving their driving. However, it is unclear who has sought out rehabilitation for this purpose.

Early life growth and adult telomere length in a Filipino cohort study.

Objective: We investigated the relationship between early life growth patterns and blood telomere length (TL) in adulthood using conditional measures of lean and fat mass growth to evaluate potentially sensitive periods of early life growth.

Methods: This study included data from 1562 individuals (53% male; age 20-22 years) participating in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, located in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Primary exposures included length-for-age z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) at birth and conditional measures of linear growth and weight gain during four postnatal periods: 0-6, 6-12, and 12-24 months, and 24 months to 8.

Oral cancer examinations and lesion discovery as reported by U.S. general dentists: Findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

General dentists (GDs) have the opportunity to examine their patients for oral premalignancy/malignancy. We estimated the annualized per dentist number of oral lesions suspicious for premalignancy/malignancy discovered by United States (U.S.

Dental enamel defects predict adolescent health indicators: A cohort study among the Tsimane' of Bolivia.

Objectives: Bioarchaeological findings have linked defective enamel formation in preadulthood with adult mortality. We investigated how defective enamel formation in infancy and childhood is associated with risk factors for adult morbidity and mortality in adolescents.

Methods: This cohort study of 349 Amerindian adolescents (10-17 years of age) related extent of enamel defects on the central maxillary incisors (none, less than 1/3, 1/3 to 2/3, more than 2/3) to adolescent anthropometrics (height, weight) and biomarkers (hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and blood pressure).

Malnutrition-related early childhood exposures and enamel defects in the permanent dentition: A longitudinal study from the Bolivian Amazon.

Objectives: We investigated the relationship between early childhood malnutrition-related measures and subsequent enamel defects in the permanent dentition.

Materials And Methods: This cohort study included 349 Amerindian adolescents (10-17 years, 52% male) from the Bolivian Amazon. Exposures included: stunted growth (height-for-age z-scores), underweight (weight-for-age z-scores), anemia (hemoglobin), acute inflammation (C-reactive protein) and parasitic infection (hookworm).

Lower face asymmetry as a marker for developmental instability.

Objectives: Fluctuating asymmetries in the craniofacial skeleton have been shown to be predictive for mortality from degenerative diseases. We investigate whether lower face asymmetries are a potential marker for the developmental origins of health and disease.

Methods: The lower face of a representative sample of 6654 12- to 17-year old United States (US) adolescents (1966-1970, National Health Examination Survey III) was classified as asymmetric when the mandibular teeth occluded prognathically (forward) or retrognathically (backward) on one side of the face only.

Maternal Allostatic Load, Caretaking Behaviors, and Child Dental Caries Experience: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Linked Mother-Child Data From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objectives: We evaluated the associations between chronic maternal stress measured by allostatic load (AL), maternal caretaking behaviors, and child dental caries experience. We also assessed the role of socioeconomic status in these associations.

Methods: We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).

Cervical cancer screening and follow-up in 4 geographically diverse US health care systems, 1998 through 2007.

Background: Cervical cancer screening and follow-up guidelines have changed considerably in recent years, but to the authors' knowledge few published reports exist to estimate the impact of these changes in community-based settings. The authors examined the patterns and results of cervical cancer testing and follow-up over a decade in 4 geographically diverse US health care systems to inform the future evaluation of changes resulting from increased uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.

Methods: The authors studied women aged 21 to 65 years who were members of one of these health systems at any time between 1998 and 2007.

Non-traumatic Dental Condition-Related Emergency Department Visits and Associated Costs for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

We analyzed 2010 US National Emergency Department Sample data and ran regression models to test the hypotheses that individuals with ASD are more likely to have non-traumatic dental condition (NTDC)-related emergency department (ED) visits and to incur greater costs for these visits than those without ASD. There were nearly 2.3 million NTDC-related ED visits in 2010.

Preventive dental health care experiences of preschool-age children with special health care needs.

Purpose: This study examined the preventive dental health care experiences of young children with special needs and determined the feasibility of conducting clinical dental examinations at a community-based early intervention services center.

Methods: Study methods included 90 parent interviews and dental examinations of their preschool-age children.

Results: Thirteen percent of the children received optimal preventive care, defined as twice daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste and two preventive dental visits in the prior 12 months; 37% experienced care that fell short in both areas.

U.S. emergency department admissions for nontraumatic dental conditions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

The authors hypothesized that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are more likely to have an emergency department (ED) admission for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs). The authors analyzed 2009 U.S.

Shades of Decay: The Meanings of Tooth Discoloration and Deterioration to Mexican Immigrant Caregivers of Young Children.

The objective of this article is to investigate parental understanding of tooth discoloration and decay and their related care seeking for young, Mexican-American children. The research design entailed semi-structured, face-to-face interviews conducted in Spanish with a convenience sample of 37 Mexican immigrant mothers of young children in a low-income urban neighborhood. Five major color terms - white, off-white, yellow, brown, and black - were used to describe tooth discoloration, the causes of which were mainly unrecognized or attributed to poor oral hygiene and exposure to sweet substances.

Socioeconomic status, food security, and dental caries in US children: mediation analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008.

Objectives: We examined associations of household socioeconomic status (SES) and food security with children's oral health outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed 2007 and 2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for children aged 5 to 17 years (n = 2206) to examine the relationship between food security and untreated dental caries and to assess whether food security mediates the SES-caries relationship.

Results: About 20.

Maternal beliefs and motivations for first dental visit by low-income Mexican American children in California.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine Mexican American immigrant caregivers' beliefs and motivations surrounding the first dental visit for their young children (median age=5-years-old).

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted among a convenience sample of 48 low-income, Mexican American mothers about their young children's oral health. Transcripts were independently read, coded, and thematically analyzed.

Urban Mexican-American mothers' beliefs about caries etiology in children.

Objectives: Caries is a severe condition which disproportionately affects Latino children in the US. This study sought contextual understanding of urban, low-income Mexican-American mothers' beliefs, perceptions, knowledge and behavior surrounding causes of caries.

Methods: In urban San José, CA, a qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of Mexican-American mothers of young children about their beliefs and knowledge about the causes of caries.