Implementing brief behavioral treatment for insomnia in Department of Veterans Affairs Primary Care Mental Health Integration clinics: Reach outcomes from a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation trial.

Chronic insomnia is one of the most common health problems among veterans and can significantly impact health, function, and quality of life. Brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI), an adaptation of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), was developed to help increase access to care outside of specialty settings. However, training providers alone is rarely sufficient, and implementation strategies are needed for successful uptake, adoption, and sustainable delivery of care.

Sustained release of drug-loaded nanoparticles from injectable hydrogels enables long-term control of macrophage phenotype.

Injectable hydrogels may be pre-formed through dynamic crosslinks, allowing for injection and subsequent retention in the tissue by shear-thinning and self-healing processes, respectively. These properties enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated therapeutics; yet, the sustained release of small-molecule drugs and their cell-targeted delivery remains challenging due to their rapid diffusive release and non-specific cellular biodistribution. Herein, we develop an injectable hydrogel system composed of a macrophage-targeted nanoparticle (cyclodextrin nanoparticles, CDNPs) crosslinked by adamantane-modified hyaluronic acid (Ad-HA).

Pro-inflammatory polarization primes Macrophages to transition into a distinct M2-like phenotype in response to IL-4.

Tissue repair is largely regulated by diverse Mϕ populations whose functions are timing- and context-dependent. The early phase of healing is dominated by pro-inflammatory Mϕs, also known as M1, followed by the emergence of a distinct and diverse population that is collectively referred to as M2. The extent of the diversity of the M2 population is unknown.

Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillus glennii V44-8, Bacillus saganii V47-23a, sp. Strain V59.32b, sp. Strain MER_TA_151, and sp. Strain MER_111, Isolated from Cleanrooms Where the Viking and Mars Exploration Rover Spacecraft Were Assembled.

We report the draft genome sequences of V44-8, V47-23a, and sp. strain V59.32b, isolated from the Viking spacecraft assembly cleanroom, and sp.

Anti-CTLA-4 Activates Intratumoral NK Cells and Combined with IL15/IL15Rα Complexes Enhances Tumor Control.

Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 induce durable responses in some patients with melanoma and are being tested in a variety of human cancers. However, these therapies are ineffective for a majority of patients across tumor types. Further understanding the immune alterations induced by these therapies may enable the development of novel strategies to enhance tumor control and biomarkers to identify patients most likely to respond.

Sequential drug delivery to modulate macrophage behavior and enhance implant integration.

Macrophages are major upstream regulators of the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. Sequential functions of distinct macrophage phenotypes are essential to the normal tissue repair process, which ideally results in vascularization and integration of implants. Improper timing of M1 or M2 macrophage activation results in dysfunctional healing in the form of chronic inflammation or fibrous encapsulation of the implant.

Perylenequinones: Isolation, Synthesis, and Biological Activity.

The perylenequinones are a novel class of natural products characterized by pentacyclic conjugated chromophore giving rise to photoactivity. Potentially useful light-activated biological activity, targeting protein kinase C (PKC), has been identified for several of the natural products. Recently discovered new members of this class of compound, as well as several related phenanthroperylenequinones, are reviewed.

Insomnia is associated with impaired quality of life among bariatric surgery candidates.

Little is known about the prevalence or impact of insomnia symptoms in obese individuals pursuing bariatric surgery. The present study from the Rhode Island Bariatric Surgery (RIBS) project examined insomnia symptoms among 2300 individuals pursuing bariatric surgery. Patients were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID), Schedule for Affective Disorders (SADS), Rhode Island Bariatric Surgery Interview (RIBSI), and the SF-36 as a measure of quality of life.

Intraindividual variability in daily sleep and pain ratings among chronic pain patients: bidirectional association and the role of negative mood.

Objectives: Sleep disturbance is a common problem among chronic pain patients. Cross-sectional data from clinical populations and experimental studies have shown an association between sleep disturbance and pain. However, there has been little prospective research into the relationship between daily variability between sleep and pain among chronic pain patients.

Severe insomnia is associated with more severe presentation and greater functional deficits in depression.

Depression is among the most common reasons for seeking psychiatric treatment, and insomnia symptoms are common in the clinical picture of depression. The present study examines the clinical presentation and psychosocial functioning among depressed outpatients with severe symptoms of insomnia in comparison to depressed outpatients without severe insomnia symptoms. The present sample included 2900 treatment-seeking individuals, with 1057 patients having a principal diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Characterization of the apoptotic response of human leukemia cells to organosulfur compounds.

Background: Novel therapeutic agents that selectively induce tumor cell death are urgently needed in the clinical management of cancers. Such agents would constitute effective adjuvant approaches to traditional chemotherapy regimens. Organosulfur compounds (OSCs), such as diallyl disulfide, have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.

Negative mood mediates the effect of poor sleep on pain among chronic pain patients.

Objectives: Sleep disturbances and increased negative mood are common among chronic pain patients. Research suggests that sleep disruption can contribute to increased pain; however, the role of negative mood in this relationship is unclear. The present study investigated the relationship among sleep disturbance, negative mood, and pain within a large sample of chronic pain patients.

Tackling sleeplessness: psychological treatment options for insomnia in older adults.

This paper provides a broad review of the extant literature involving the treatment of sleeplessness in older adults with insomnia. First, background information (including information regarding key issues in late-life insomnia and epidemiology of late-life insomnia) pertinent to achieving a general understanding of insomnia in the elderly is presented. Next, theories of insomnia in older adults are examined and discussed in relation to treatment of insomnia in late-life.

Perylenequinone natural products: total syntheses of the diastereomers (+)-phleichrome and (+)-calphostin D by assembly of centrochiral and axial chiral fragments.

The first total synthesis of (+)-calphostin D and the total synthesis of (+)-phleichrome are outlined. The convergent syntheses utilize an enantiopure biaryl common intermediate, which is formed via an enantioselective catalytic biaryl coupling. The established axial chirality is transferred to the perylenequinone helical stereochemistry with good fidelity.

Perylenequinone natural products: total synthesis of hypocrellin A.

An efficient and stereoselective total synthesis of the perylenequinone natural product hypocrellin A (1) is described. The key features include a potentially biomimetic 1,8-diketone aldol cyclization to set the centrochiral C7,C7'-stereochemistry, bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene mediated oxygenation, a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation, and an enantioselective catalytic oxidative 2-naphthol coupling to establish the biaryl axial chirality. The helical stereochemistry is formed from an axial chiral intermediate and is then utilized in a dynamic stereochemical transfer to dictate the stereochemistry of the C7,C7'-seven membered ring formed during the aldol cyclization.

Synthesis of the cores of hypocrellin and shiraiachrome: diastereoselective 1,8-diketone aldol cyclization.

Intramolecular 1,8-diketone aldol reactions were studied as a tool for the construction of the seven-membered rings of hypocrellin and shiraiachrome. Conditions were identified to obtain the relative stereochemistries present in the two natural products with excellent diastereoselectivity. In addition, a nine-membered ring congener, which has yet to be observed in nature, formed with high selectivity when a hindered amine was used in conjunction with silazide bases.

Patient-centered perspective on treatment outcomes in chronic pain.

Objective: To define patient-determined success criteria for fibromyalgia and back pain treatment across four outcome domains: pain, fatigue, emotional distress, interference with daily activities.

Design: Retrospective correlational clinical sample design.

Setting: Tertiary care clinics at health science center.

Development of a catalytic aromatic decarboxylation reaction.

A palladium-catalyzed aromatic decarboxylation reaction has been developed. With electron-rich aromatic acids, the reaction proceeds efficiently under fairly mild conditions in good yields. The method was useful with complex functionalized substrates containing hindered carboxylic acids.

Somatic focus/awareness: Relationship to negative affect and pain in chronic pain patients.

Somatic focus refers to the tendency to notice and report physical symptoms, and has been investigated in relation to chronically painful conditions. This study investigated the relationship between somatic focus, as measured by the Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL), negative affect and pain. A secondary purpose of the present study was to examine sex differences in these relationships.

Sleep and risk-taking behavior in adolescents.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adolescents' sleep-wake patterns and risk-taking behavior. A second goal was to replicate the results obtained by Wolfson and Carskadon (1998) regarding adolescents' sleep habits. Three hundred eighty-eight adolescents (217 males, 171 females) completed the Sleep Habits Survey and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Electronic control of chiral quaternary center creation in the intramolecular asymmetric heck reaction.

The Boehringer-Ingelheim phosphinoimidazoline (BIPI) ligands were applied to the formation of chiral quaternary centers in the asymmetric Heck reaction. Several different substrates were examined in detail, using more than 70 members of this new ligand class. Hammett relationships were determined through systematic variation of the ligand electronics.

Decarbonylative cross-coupling of cyclic anhydrides: introducing stereochemistry at an sp3 carbon in the cross-coupling event.

Treatment of cyclic anhydrides with stoichiometric amounts of nickel-neocuproine complex generates alkylcarboxylato-nickelalactones upon extrusion of CO. These metalacycles undergo cross-coupling with arylzinc reagents. The generated CO is sequestered in situ by a nickel-dppb complex.

Probing electronic effects in the asymmetric Heck reaction with the BIPI ligands.

[structure: see text] The new BIPI ligands are phosphinoimidazolines that can be electronically tuned in three different ligand regions to explore electronic effects in asymmetric catalysis. Their application to the asymmetric Heck reaction (AHR) in the creation of a chiral quaternary center is described. Enantioselectivity is shown for the first time to depend linearly on phosphine electron density.

Incidence of intravascular penetration in transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injections.

STUDY DESIGN A prospective, observational, human, study was conducted. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of vascular penetration during fluoroscopically guided, contrast-enhanced transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injections, and to determine whether the observation of blood in the needle hub can be used to predict a vascular injection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Incorrectly placed intravascular cervical spinal injections result in medication flow systemically and not to the desired target.