Genomic diversity and potential transmission and persistence of Salmonella in the Cambodian vegetable supply chain.

S. enterica isolates (n = 78) obtained from the vegetable supply chain (farms, distribution centers, markets) in two Cambodian provinces (Siem Reap, Battambang) were sequenced and analyzed. In silico identification of serotypes and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using SISTR and ABRicate, respectively.

Salmonella sp. Tied to Multistate Outbreak Isolated from Wastewater, United States, 2022.

We isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg in raw wastewater from 2 Pennsylvania wastewater treatment facilities during June 2022. Whole genome sequencing revealed 4 isolates separated by <4 single nucleotide polymorphisms from S. enterica Senftenberg in a cluster from the 2022 nationwide outbreak linked to contaminated peanut butter.

Investigating the adherence factors of at the bovine recto-anal junction.

Unlabelled: Shiga toxinproducing (STEC) are major foodborne pathogens that result in thousands of hospitalizations each year in the United States. Cattle, the natural reservoir, harbor STEC asymptomatically at the recto-anal junction (RAJ). The molecular mechanisms that allow STEC and non-STEC to adhere to the RAJ are not fully understood, in part because most adherence studies utilize human cell culture models.

Outbreak-associated Baildon found in wastewater demonstrates how sewage monitoring can supplement traditional disease surveillance.

Non-typhoidal is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but current non-typhoidal surveillance is suboptimal. Here, we evaluated the utility of wastewater monitoring to enhance traditional surveillance for this foodborne pathogen. In June 2022, we tested raw sewage collected twice a week from two treatment plants in central Pennsylvania for non-typhoidal and characterized isolates using whole-genome sequencing.

Host species shapes genotype, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence profiles of enterotoxigenic (ETEC) from livestock in the United States.

Unlabelled: Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) are significant pathogen in both cattle and pigs, causing diarrhea in these animals and leading to economic losses in the livestock industry. Understanding the dissimilarity in genotype, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and virulence between bovine and swine ETEC is crucial for development of targeted preventive and therapeutic approaches for livestock. However, a comprehensive study on this area remains lacking.

A Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Channel Catfish and Related Freshwater Fish Species.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in 114 generic Escherichia coli isolated from channel catfish and related fish species were investigated in this study. Of these, 45 isolates were from commercial-sized channel catfish harvested from fishponds in Alabama, while 69 isolates were from Siluriformes products, accessed from the U.S.

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Wild Birds in the United States Represent Distinct Lineages Defined by Bird Type.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is typically considered a host generalist; however, certain isolates are associated with specific hosts and show genetic features of host adaptation. Here, we sequenced 131 Typhimurium isolates from wild birds collected in 30 U.S.

Mcc1229, an Stx2a-Amplifying Microcin, Is Produced and Requires CirA for Activity.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, including the foodborne pathogen E. coli O157:H7, are responsible for thousands of hospitalizations each year. Various environmental triggers can modulate pathogenicity in EHEC by inducing the expression of Shiga toxin (Stx), which is encoded on a lambdoid prophage and transcribed together with phage late genes.

Whole-Genome Sequences of Isolates from an Ecological Wastewater Treatment System.

Twenty-seven isolates were collected from four locations within an ecological wastewater treatment system located at The Pennsylvania State University and were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The sequences obtained were used for characterization, including serotyping and phylogenetic relatedness analysis.

A Toxic Environment: a Growing Understanding of How Microbial Communities Affect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga Toxin Expression.

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) strains, including O157:H7, cause severe illness in humans due to the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) and other virulence factors. Because Stx is coregulated with lambdoid prophage induction, its expression is especially susceptible to environmental cues. Infections with Stx-producing can be difficult to model due to the wide range of disease outcomes: some infections are relatively mild, while others have serious complications.

Botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids can be conjugatively transferred to diverse clostridial strains.

Most Group I Clostridium botulinum strains harbor botulinum neurotoxin (bont) genes on their chromosome, while some carry these genes (including bont/a, bont/b, and bont/f) on large plasmids. Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated that Group I BoNT plasmids were mobilized to C. botulinum recipient strains containing the Tn916 transposon.

Purification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin FA from a Genetically Modified Clostridium botulinum Strain.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by neurotoxigenic clostridial species, are the cause of the severe disease botulism in humans and animals. Early research on BoNTs has led to their classification into seven serotypes (serotypes A to G) based upon the selective neutralization of their toxicity in mice by homologous antibodies. Recently, a report of a potential eighth serotype of BoNT, designated "type H," has been controversial.

Resveratrol is cidal to both classes of Haemophilus ducreyi.

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, is produced by plants in response to infection and has antibacterial activity. Haemophilus ducreyi is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid. This study employed minimum cidal concentration (MCC) assays to evaluate the potential of resveratrol as a microbicide against H.