Association of fentanyl with neurodevelopmental outcomes in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Background: Opioids are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Negative neurodevelopmental effects in the short-term setting have been associated with opioids ; however, long-term studies have been limited.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine if there is a dose relationship between fentanyl and neurodevelopmental outcomes, as measured by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) composite scores for language, cognition, and motor skills.

Acetazolamide in critically ill neonates and children with metabolic alkalosis.

Background: Acetazolamide is an option for hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, but there are limited reports in children.

Objective: To describe the acetazolamide regimen and outcomes in critically ill children with metabolic alkalosis.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of patients <18 years of age who received ≥3 doses of acetazolamide for metabolic alkalosis (ie, pH > 7.