Long-term antiseizure medication use in patients after meningioma resection: identifying predictors for successful weaning and failures.

Objective: To define risk factors for meningioma-related seizures and predictors of successful weaning of antiseizure medications following meningioma resection.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 95 patients who underwent meningioma resection at a single institution. Primary outcome analyzed was ability to achieve seizure freedom without the use of anti-seizure medication at 6-months, 1-year, and last known follow up.

Patterns of Antiseizure Medication Use Following Meningioma Resection: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objective: To investigate antiseizure medication (ASM) practice behavior for patients who present with seizures before meningioma resection and to review postoperative ASM management.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 112 consecutive patients with meningiomas who underwent resection at a single institution between October 2016 and January 2020. Data were collected through detailed chart review.

Impact of Postoperative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy on Survival of Patients with Spinal Metastases in the Context of Additional Systemic Adjuvant Therapy.

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been established as a safe and effective treatment modality for control of long-term pain and tumor growth. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of postoperative SBRT versus conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in extending survival within the context of systemic therapy.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgery for spinal metastasis at our institution was conducted.

Meningeal defects and focal cortical dysplasia: an unrecognized relationship? Illustrative case.

Background: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are a heterogenous cluster of histopathologic entities classically associated with medically refractory epilepsy. Because there is substantial histopathologic variation among different types of FCD, there are likely multiple pathogenic mechanisms leading to these disorders. The meninges are known to play a role in cortical development, and disruption of meningeal-derived signaling pathways has been shown to impact neurodevelopment.

Association of e-Cigarette Use With Discontinuation of Cigarette Smoking Among Adult Smokers Who Were Initially Never Planning to Quit.

Importance: Cigarette smokers not planning to quit are often overlooked in population studies evaluating the risk-benefit potential of electronic nicotine delivery products (e-cigarettes).

Objective: To evaluate whether e-cigarette use is associated with discontinuing cigarette smoking among smokers who were initially never planning to quit.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used US nationally representative data from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (waves 2-5 conducted between October 2014 and November 2019), with participants evaluated in 3 pairs of interviews.

Characteristics of Scientific Evidence Informing Changed U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Insufficient Evidence Statements.

Introduction: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issues "Insufficient Evidence" (I) statements when scientific evidence is inadequate for making recommendations about clinical preventive services.

New NIH Primary and Secondary Prevention Research During 2012-2019.

Introduction: This manuscript characterizes primary and secondary prevention research in humans and related methods research funded by NIH in 2012‒2019.

Methods: The NIH Office of Disease Prevention updated its prevention research taxonomy in 2019‒2020 and applied it to a sample of 14,523 new extramural projects awarded in 2012-2019. All projects were coded manually for rationale, exposures, outcomes, population focus, study design, and type of prevention research.

Knowledge of and beliefs about palliative care in a nationally-representative U.S. sample.

Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for people with serious illness and their families. One potential barrier to palliative care uptake is inaccurate knowledge and/or negative beliefs among the general population, which may inhibit early interest in, communication about, and integration of palliative care following subsequent illness diagnosis. We explored knowledge and beliefs about palliative care among the general public using nationally-representative data collected in 2018 as part of the cross-sectional Health Information National Trends Survey.

Social support, loneliness, eating, and activity among parent-adolescent dyads.

We examined associations of social support and loneliness with eating and activity among parent-adolescent dyads (N = 2968) using actor-partner interdependence modeling. Loneliness had several actor associations with health behaviors (adolescents: less physical activity [PA], p < .001, more sedentariness, p < .

Awareness of Palliative Care among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults.

Palliative care can alleviate symptom burden, reduce psychosocial distress, and improve quality of life for patients suffering from serious or life-threatening illnesses. However, the extent to which U.S.

Patient-provider care goal concordance: implications for palliative care decisions.

: Goal-concordant care is an important feature of high quality medical treatment. Patients' care goals may focus on curative and/or palliative outcomes. Patients rarely communicate their care goals, and providers' predictions of patient goals are often inaccurate, corresponding most closely to their own treatment goals.

Toward a Conceptual Model of Affective Predictions in Palliative Care.

Context: Being diagnosed with cancer often forces patients and families to make difficult medical decisions. How patients think they and others will feel in the future, termed affective predictions, may influence these decisions. These affective predictions are often biased, which may contribute to suboptimal care outcomes by influencing decisions related to palliative care and advance care planning.

Direct and indirect associations of cognitive reappraisal and suppression with disease biomarkers.

Objective: Habitual use of emotion regulation strategies may influence physical health. We examined whether the tendencies to employ cognitive reappraisal and suppression were associated with health biomarkers, and whether stress and sleep quality mediated these associations. Design & main outcome measures: Using data from the Biomarkers substudy (n = 1255) of the national Midlife in the U.

Factors beyond Lack of Knowledge That Predict "I Don't Know" Responses to Surveys That Assess HPV Knowledge.

Accurately assessing the public's knowledge about the human papilloma virus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine remains critical for informing health education interventions aimed at increasing vaccine uptake. Responding "don't know" (DK) to survey questions that assess knowledge is common and DK responders are often systematically different from other responders, resulting in potential for bias. This study aimed to advance our understanding of DK responding to HPV knowledge items.

Sex Differences in the Association of Perceived Ambiguity, Cancer Fatalism, and Health-Related Self-Efficacy with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption.

Adequate fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is promoted as a means of preventing chronic health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. This study investigated whether perceived ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations, fatalistic beliefs about cancer, and health-related self-efficacy were associated with FV consumption and whether sex moderated these associations. Data from the five most recent waves (spanning 2011 to 2017) of the nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 16,965) were used.

Effects of Emotion on Medical Decisions Involving Tradeoffs.

Risk perceptions for a disease can motivate use of medications that reduce disease risk. However, these medications are often accompanied by elevated risks for other adverse health effects, and perceived risk of these side effects may also influence decisions. Emotions experienced at the time of a decision influence risk judgments and decision making, and they may be important to examine in these tradeoff contexts.

Trajectories of Current and Predicted Satisfaction With One's Life Following a Cancer Diagnosis.

Background: Poor physical and mental health is common among cancer survivors, but little is known about how cancer influences life satisfaction and expectations about one's future, both of which may subsequently influence health decisions and outcomes.

Purpose: The current study examined how a cancer diagnosis influences current and predicted future life satisfaction in seven domains, including family, finances, work, and health.

Methods: We leveraged data from three waves of the Midlife in the United States study (N = 6,389) and examined the relation between new and past cancer diagnoses on satisfaction using generalized estimating equations.

Interventions to Engage Affective Forecasting in Health-Related Decision Making: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: People often use affective forecasts, or predictions about how a decision will make them feel, to guide medical and health decision making. However, these forecasts are susceptible to biases and inaccuracies that can have consequential effects on decision making and health.

Purpose: A meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of intervening to address affective forecasting as a means of helping patients make better health-related choices.

Perspectives on Palliative Care in Cancer Clinical Trials: Diverse Meanings from Multidisciplinary Cancer Care Providers.

Background: Palliative care (PC) is often misunderstood as exclusively pertaining to end-of-life care, which may be consequential for its delivery. There is little research on how PC is operationalized and delivered to cancer patients enrolled in clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to understand the diverse perspectives of multidisciplinary oncology care providers caring for such patients in a teaching hospital.

Relationship of "don't know" responses to cancer knowledge and belief questions with colorectal cancer screening behavior.

Objective: Answering "I don't know" (DK) to survey questions that assess risk perceptions is common and occurs more often among disenfranchised groups. Because these groups also are at greater disease risk, statistically omitting or recoding DK responses may disproportionately exclude or misrepresent responses from marginalized groups and misinform intervention efforts. Because little is known about how the DK response is related to health behaviors, we examined whether the relation between DK response and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behavior differed, depending on the construct queried (knowledge vs.

Unpacking cancer patients' preferences for information about their care.

Objective: Patient-centered decision making requires cancer patients be actively involved and feel sufficiently informed about their care, but patients' preferences for information are often unrecognized or unmet by their oncologist, particularly for more distressing topics. This study examined cancer patients' preferences for information about three care-related topics: (1) diagnostic information, (2) treatment costs, and (3) prognosis. We tested whether factors known to influence information preferences (psychological distress, control preferences, and financial distress) were differently associated with information preferences for each topic.

Mediation, moderation, and context: Understanding complex relations among cognition, affect, and health behaviour.

Objective: Researchers have historically treated cognition and affect as separate constructs in motivating health behaviour. We present a framework and empirical evidence for complex relations between cognition and affect in predicting health behaviour. Main Outcome, Design and Results: First, affect and cognition can mediate each other's relation to health behaviour.

The interplay between feelings and beliefs about condoms as predictors of their use.

Objective: Negative feelings about condoms are a key barrier to their use. Using the behavioural affective associations model, we examined the joint effects of affective associations and cognitive beliefs about condoms on condom use.

Design: In Study 1 (N = 97), students completed measures of their affective associations and cognitive beliefs about sex and condoms, sexual activity and condom use.