Which intranasal corticosteroids can be used in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy or pre-exposure prophylactic?

All intranasal corticosteroid spray formulations are safe to use in patients on pre-exposure prophylaxis. Beclomethasone nasal spray can be used safely with all HAART and PrEP regimens.

Characterizing Adverse Events of Biologic Treatment of T2 Disease: A Disproportionality Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Introduction: Over the last 3 years, the FDA has approved dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab for the treatment of CRSwNP; however, adverse events of these biologics have not been described in post-marketing surveillance trials. By utilizing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), this study describes and compares biologic-associated adverse events in T2 disease.

Methods: This case-non-case study assessed disproportionate reporting rates using reporting odds ratios (RORs).

"Left on their own": Left-handedness among rhinologists and otolaryngology trainees.

Left-hand-dominant (LHD) respondents reported higher rates of training difficulties because of handedness differences. LHD respondents cited particular difficulty with functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Both LHD and right-hand-dominant respondents perceived a need for laterality-specific training during residency.

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Presenting as an Infratemporal Fossa Mass.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare autoimmune disease that affects small to medium-sized blood vessels throughout the body. Here, we present a case of an infratemporal mass that was the result of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A 51-year-old male presented to the emergency department due to right cheek and facial pain that he had been experiencing for 2 to 3 months.

Cochlear Implantation for Unilateral and Asymmetric Hearing Loss: Long-Term Subjective Benefit.

Objectives: Assess the long-term patterns of perceived tinnitus severity and subjective benefit for adult cochlear implant (CI) users with asymmetric or unilateral hearing loss (AHL or UHL).

Methods: Forty adults underwent cochlear implantation as part of a prospective clinical trial assessing the outcomes of CI use in cases of AHL (n = 20) and UHL (n = 20). Subjective measures included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Speech, Spatial, & Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ), and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB).

Outcomes in Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review.

 The frequency of endoscopic skull base surgery in pediatric patients is increasing. This study aims to systematically review the literature for endoscopic skull base surgery outcomes in children/adolescents aged 0 to 18 years.  A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed and SCOPUS databases querying studies from 2000 to 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Influence of Cochlear Implant Use on Perceived Listening Effort in Adult and Pediatric Cases of Unilateral and Asymmetric Hearing Loss.

Objective: Assess the influence of cochlear implant (CI) use on the perceived listening effort of adult and pediatric subjects with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) or asymmetric hearing loss (AHL).

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Hearing Loss Is Associated with Increased Variability in Double Support Period in the Elderly.

Hearing loss is a disabling condition that increases with age and has been linked to difficulties in walking and increased risk of falls. The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in gait parameters associated with hearing loss in a group of older adults aged 60 or greater. Custom-engineered footwear was used to collect spatiotemporal gait data in an outpatient clinical setting.

Decline in circulating viral and human tumor markers after resection of head and neck carcinoma.

Background: DNA sequencing panels can simultaneously quantify human and viral tumor markers in blood. We explored changes in levels of plasma tumor markers following surgical resection of head and neck carcinoma.

Methods: In preresection and postresection plasmas, targeted DNA sequencing quantified variants in 28 human cancer genes and levels of oncogenic pathogens (human papillomavirus [HPV], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], Helicobacter pylori) from 21 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Radiologic Analysis of Balloon Sinuplasty in a Human Cadaver Model: Observed Effects on Sinonasal Anatomy.

Background: Balloon sinuplasty is increasingly used in the outpatient clinic for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, but radiologic analysis of its effects on sinonasal anatomy is largely uncharacterized in the known literature.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the anatomic effects of balloon sinuplasty in a cadaveric model.

Methods: Five fresh cadaver heads underwent sequential endoscopic balloon dilation of maxillary ostia, frontal recess outflow tracts, and sphenoid ostia bilaterally by fellowship-trained rhinologists.

Sinus Development and Pneumatization in a Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cohort.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically diverse disease which causes impaired mucociliary clearance, and results in pulmonary, otologic, and rhinologic disease in affected patients. Genetic mutations in multiple genes impair the ability of patients to clear mucous from the lungs, middle ear, and sinonasal cavity and lead to chronic pulmonary and sinonasal symptoms.

Methods: We identified 17 PCD patients who had available CT scans.

Recent Trends in Female and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in U.S. Otolaryngology Residency Programs.

Objectives: Our objectives were to analyze the recent trends in applicants of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (Oto-HNS) residency programs, including evolutions in sex and racial/ethnic distribution within the applicant pool and subsequent residency cohort.

Methods: Retrospective database and literature review. Data regarding applicants to Oto-HNS programs as well as Oto-HNS residents in the United States from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed from the Electronic Residency Application Service, National Resident Matching Program, and Journal of the American Medical Association.

Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Background: Topical intranasal drugs are widely prescribed for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although delivery can vary with device type and droplet size. The study objective was to compare nebulized and sprayed droplet deposition in the paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complex (OMC) across multiple droplet sizes in CRS patients using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Methods: Three-dimensional models of sinonasal cavities were constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of 3 subjects with CRS refractory to medical therapy using imaging software.

The ERM family member Merlin is required for endometrial gland morphogenesis.

Disruption of endometrial gland formation or function can cause female infertility. Formation of endometrial glands via tubulogenesis of luminal epithelial cells requires the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity and cell adhesion. The FERM domain-containing protein Merlin coordinates epithelial cell polarity and cell adhesion and is critical for epithelial tissue function in the skin and kidney.