Telephone monitoring and 15-month outcomes for patients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders: Moderating effects of high-risk patient characteristics.

Introduction: Telephone monitoring interventions for substance use disorders are an important component of continuing care to reduce relapse and connect patients to services. However, a knowledge gap still exists as to which patient groups benefit most from them. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial examined moderators of associations between telephone monitoring and 15-month substance use outcomes among patients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.

Motives for substance use and 6-month substance use outcomes among detoxification patients with a history of physical or sexual abuse or posttraumatic stress disorder.

Trauma-exposed individuals with a history of physical or sexual abuse or documented posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis may use substances to address trauma-related symptoms. However, the motives for using substances among adults with a trauma history or PTSD are unclear despite their informative role in treatment planning. Additionally, trauma is associated with poorer substance use outcomes, although this has not been examined among detoxification patients.

Health outcomes among detoxification patients: The role of chronic pain.

Understanding associations between chronic pain and health outcomes among detoxification patients may help improve treatment outcomes and abstinence rates. Exercise is a modifiable lifestyle factor that may reduce the effect of pain on outcomes in this population. The current study examined whether baseline pain, exercise, and their interaction were associated with psychiatric and medical severity, and abstinence self-efficacy, over six months following detoxification.

College students' disclosure of mental health problems on campus.

To explore, in two studies, student experiences with disclosing diagnosed and undiagnosed mental health problems to faculty, staff, and peers. Participants for both studies were college students at two 4-year public universities. Study 1 was conducted in June 2016 and Study 2 in August 2017.

Stigma, Treatment, and Health among Stimulant Users: Life Stage as a Moderator.

This 3-year study examined associations among drug use stigma, life stage, treatment utilization and health among 710 US adults using stimulants. Consistent with substance use developmental frameworks, life stage was represented by Emerging adulthood (18-25 years old, n=223), Earlymid adulthood (26-44 years old; n=384), and Older adulthood (45-61 years old; n=103). Emerging adults experienced less enacted stigma (i.

The Use of Anecdotal Information in a Hypothetical Lung Cancer Treatment Decision.

This mixed-methods study examined variables associated with use of experience-based (i.e., anecdotal) decisional strategies among 85 undergraduate students presented with 2 hypothetical lung cancer scenarios.

Attitudes and Experiences With Older Adults: A Case for Service Learning for Undergraduates.

The current study examined whether relationship quality with older adults currently and in childhood, as well as experience with older adults, was associated with biases toward older adults and interest in working with older adults as a possible career area. The authors sampled undergraduate students (N = 753, M = 18.97 years, SD = 2.

Stress, Social Support, and Burnout Among Long-Term Care Nursing Staff.

Long-term care nursing staff are subject to considerable occupational stress and report high levels of burnout, yet little is known about how stress and social support are associated with burnout in this population. The present study utilized the job demands-resources model of burnout to examine relations between job demands (occupational and personal stress), job resources (sources and functions of social support), and burnout in a sample of nursing staff at a long-term care facility (N = 250). Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that job demands (greater occupational stress) were associated with more emotional exhaustion, more depersonalization, and less personal accomplishment.

Life stressors and resources and the 23-year course of depression.

Background: Life stressors and personal and social resources are associated with depression in the short-term, but little is known about their associations with the long-term course of depression. The current paper presents results of a 23-year study of community adults who were receiving treatment for depression at baseline (N=382).

Methods: Semi-parametric group-based modeling was used to identify depression trajectories and determine baseline predictors of belonging to each trajectory group.

Age-related concomitants of obtaining mental health care in adulthood.

Objective: To examine the associations between predisposing and need factors and receipt of mental health care and to examine age as a moderator of these associations.

Methods: Participants (N=521) were surveyed as part of a larger study on health and adaptation.

Results: Obtaining mental health care was predicted by more reliance on approach coping, and more depressive and medical symptoms.

An exploratory study of inducing positive expectancies for psychotherapy.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine whether explicit presentation of outcome data about the effectiveness of psychotherapy among older adults increased positive expectancy for treatment.

Method: The study included an ethically diverse sample of 50 adults over age 60 who screened positive for depression and agreed to participate in the BRIGHTEN Program, an interdisciplinary geriatric mental health program. Prior to treatment initiation, we presented participants with outcome data about psychotherapy, asked participants to rate and respond to the data, and asked participants about prior experience with mental health treatment.

Decisional strategy determines whether frame influences treatment preferences for medical decisions.

Decision makers are influenced by the frame of information such that preferences vary depending on whether survival or mortality data are presented. Research is inconsistent as to whether and how age impacts framing effects. This paper presents two studies that used qualitative analyses of think-aloud protocols to understand how the type of information used in the decision making process varies by frame and age.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: the effects of physical activity at adult day service centers.

Adult day services (ADS) are an increasingly popular option for caregivers of people with dementia, but there is little research on the effects of activities on the behavior and mood of the client. This study examines participation by 94 individuals in different types of adult day-care activities and their association with changes in behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) for the client during a three-month span. Three domains of BPSD were examined: restless behaviors, mood behaviors, and positive behaviors.