Influence of differing levels of concentrate on circulating cytokine concentrations in beef heifers.

Components of the immune system (e.g., cytokines and chemokines) can influence reproductive efficiency.

Reproductive Microbiomes in Domestic Livestock: Insights Utilizing 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Community Sequencing.

Advancements in 16S rRNA gene amplicon community sequencing have vastly expanded our understanding of the reproductive microbiome and its role in fertility. In humans, is the overwhelmingly dominant bacteria within reproductive tissues and is known to be commensal and an indicator of fertility in women and men. It is also known that is not as largely abundant in the reproductive tissues of domestic livestock species.