Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in the Western Australian population: analysis of patient, histopathological and molecular characteristics.

Background: Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC), defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) detected after a cancer-negative colonoscopy, represents a key quality indicator for CRC detection and prevention. While most PCCRC is attributed to missed lesions, few studies examine pathologic and molecular characteristics of PCCRC to assess for possible de novo cancer formation causing PCCRC.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify cases of PCCRC where prior colonoscopy was adequate (A-PCCRC) versus inadequate (I-PCCRC) and compare both subtypes with spontaneous CRC (sCRC) in terms of patient factors, histopathology and molecular characteristics.

Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series.

The metabolic and lipid profiles of horses treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are not well understood. This retrospective study evaluated blood parameters in hyperinsulinemic horses treated with either ertugliflozin (0.05 mg/kg) or dapagliflozin (0.

Alcohol pharmacotherapy dispensing trends in Australia between 2006 and 2023.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate acamprosate and naltrexone dispensing patterns in Australia.

Methods: A 10% representative sample of medications subsidized by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) was used to identify individuals who were dispensed naltrexone or acamprosate between January 2006 and December 2023. Data were used to examine concurrent dispensing, medication switching and treatment episode length, as well as changes in prevalence and incidence over time.

Supply of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir for patients with COVID-19 in the first eight months since listing on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: A retrospective observational study.

Objectives: To compare the supply of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in relation to patient characteristics and other co-prescribed medicines and to estimate the number of patients without contraindications to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir who were treated with molnupiravir.

Study Design, Setting: Retrospective observational study of patients identified in the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) 10 % sample dataset who were supplied with either molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir between May and December 2022. We supplemented the PBS dataset with aggregated counts from published literature to determine prevalence of clinical contraindications to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Exposure to family and domestic violence in the prenatal period is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in children under 2 years.

Background: Existing research has acknowledged a correlation between stress in pregnancy and poorer respiratory health in offspring. However, research focusing on stress caused by family and domestic violence in the prenatal period is missing.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study included children born 1987-2010 who were identified as being exposed to FDV in the prenatal period (n = 1477) from two sources: WA Police Information Management System and WA Hospital Morbidity Data Collection (HMDC) and a non-exposed comparison group (n = 41 996).

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Treatment for Herpes Virus Infection and the Dispensing of Antidementia Medicines: An Analysis of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Database.

Background: Evidence from previous observational studies suggest that infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) increase the risk of dementia.

Objective: To investigate if older adults exposed to HSV treatment have lower risk of dementia than the rest of the population.

Methods: We used the 10% Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database from 2013 to 2022 to ascertain the cross-sectional, time-series and longitudinal association between exposure to HSV treatment and the dispensing of antidementia medicines.

Use of privacy-preserving record linkage to examine the dispensing of pharmaceutical benefits scheme medicines to pregnant women in Western Australia.

Purpose: Medications are commonly used during pregnancy to manage pre-existing conditions and conditions that arise during pregnancy. However, not all medications are safe to use in pregnancy. This study utilized privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) to examine medications dispensed under the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) to pregnant women in Western Australia (WA) overall and by medication safety category.

Retrospective assessment of the use of extended-release cabergoline in the management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.

Introduction: Dopaminergic agonists are accepted as the most effective treatment for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. However, some horses are refractory to daily oral pergolide, the recommended registered treatment. Extended-release cabergoline (ERC) injection may offer an alternative.

Investigating maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine treatment for women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is becoming more commonly diagnosed in women, consequently, more women of reproductive age are taking ADHD medication, such as dexamphetamine. However, the safety associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine during pregnancy is unclear. This study investigates outcomes associated with the continuation of dexamphetamine during pregnancy compared to those who ceased or were unexposed.

Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Immune-Related Conditions in Children.

Importance: Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) may alter with fetal development of the immune system, which may influence long-term health and susceptibility to immune-related conditions.

Objective: To compare the risk of hospitalization and emergency department presentation for immune-related conditions in children with and without POE.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective, population-based cohort study used linked administrative health records of all children born in Western Australia between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2018 (N = 401 462).

Comparison of oral esomeprazole and oral omeprazole in the treatment of equine squamous gastric disease.

Background: Oral omeprazole is the accepted treatment for equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD); however, it is not universally effective. Esomeprazole results in more consistent and pronounced acid suppression in men and is more effective than omeprazole in the treatment of oesophageal and gastric disease. Pharmacodynamic and pilot clinical studies have indicated esomeprazole might also be more effective than omeprazole in horses.

Safety of Alprazolam Use in Pregnancy in Western Australia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linked Health Data.

The use of alprazolam in pregnancy can adversely affect maternal and neonatal health. This study examined neonatal outcomes following exposure to alprazolam in pregnancy. Women prescribed alprazolam during pregnancy ( = 48) between 2014 and 2018 were identified from routinely-collected state administrative prescribing records and perinatal data.

Trends in smoking during pregnancy stratified by the use of opioid agonist therapy and the contribution of smoking to poor outcome in neonates prenatally exposed to opioid agonist treatment.

High rates of cigarette smoking have been observed in pregnant women on opioid agonist therapy (OAT). However, it is unclear if these rates have changed overtime in line with the general population and the degree to which smoking contributes to poor outcomes in neonates born to women on OAT. Women who gave birth in Western Australia (WA) between 2003 and 2018 were identified from whole-population midwives records.

Recent advances in the treatment and prevention of equine peripheral caries.

Equine peripheral caries is a common condition characterized by demineralization and degradation of the clinical crown of equine cheek teeth. The condition can cause significant pain and morbidity, particularly in severe cases. Recent studies indicate that the condition is driven by environmental conditions within the mouth, as only the clinical crown of the tooth is affected (the reserve crown below the gingival margin remains unaffected).

Trends in prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies in Western Australia between 1980 and 2020: A population-based study.

Background: Advances in screening and diagnostics have changed the way in which we identify and diagnose congenital anomalies.

Objective: To examine changes in rates of prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies over time and by demographic characteristics.

Methods: We undertook a population-based retrospective cohort study of all children born in Western Australia between 1980 and 2020 and diagnosed with a congenital anomaly.

Lithium Dispensed for Adults Aged ≥ 50 Years Between 2012 and 2021: Analyses of a 10% Sample of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.

Background: Lithium use seems to be declining in clinical practice. We examined the proportion of adults aged ≥ 50 years dispensed lithium between 2012 and 2021, and investigated the proportion of lithium users dispensed other medications.

Methods: We used a 10% random sample data of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme from 2012 to 2021, and limited our analyses to adults aged ≥ 50 years.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: frequency and long-term outcome in Western Australia.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (S-JIA) is a rare but potentially life threatening autoinflammatory condition of childhood. Given the limited data on S-JIA from the Australasian region, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics and long-term disease outcome in S-JIA. All hospitalised patients under the age of 16 years registered with ICD-10-AM code M08.

Five- versus seven-day dosing intervals of extended-release injectable omeprazole in the treatment of equine squamous and glandular gastric disease.

Background: An extended-release injectable omeprazole formulation (ERIO) has become a popular treatment for equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) where it is available; however, published data are limited and optimal treatment regimens have not been determined.

Objectives: To compare effects of treatment on ESGD and EGGD when an ERIO formulation is administered at either 5- or 7-day intervals.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

The effect of TNF treatment uptake on incident hospital admission in Western Australia.

Objective: Treatment strategies for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have shifted significantly over the last 20 years. We examined the effect of the introduction of government-subsidised TNF inhibitor (TNFi) treatment on incident hospitalisation for JIA.

Methods: Western Australian (WA) hospital data were used to identify patients < 16 years hospitalised with JIA between 1990 and 2012.

Reproductive and sexual health of Australian adolescents exposed to family and domestic violence.

Background: There is a dearth of research investigating sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in children exposed to family and domestic violence (FDV). Further, there is no research on terminations of pregnancy in children exposed to FDV.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used linked administrative data from Western Australia to investigate whether exposure to FDV is associated with a risk of hospitalisations for STIs and terminations of pregnancy in adolescents.

The effects of acamprosate on maternal and neonatal outcomes in a mouse model of alcohol use disorders.

Background: Despite the teratogenic effects of alcohol, little is known about the safety of pharmacotherapies such as acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol use disorders in pregnancy. The aims of this study were to investigate, in a mouse model, the effects of maternally administered acamprosate on maternal and neonatal health, offspring neurodevelopment and behaviour, as well as examine whether acamprosate reduces the neurological harm associated with alcohol consumption in pregnancy.

Methods: Dams were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: (i) control (water), (ii) acamprosate (1.

Neonatal Outcomes Associated With in Utero Exposure to Oxycodone, Overall and by Trimester of Exposure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Oxycodone is commonly used by pregnant women for the treatment of pain. However, the potential risk associated with its use in pregnancy have not been robustly evaluated. The objective of this study was to examine neonatal outcomes associated with prenatal oxycodone exposure.