Cutaneous manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered the pattern of dermatologic disease among HIV-infected patients. While the majority benefit substantially from highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced immune recovery, a subset of patients experience unmasking of new skin disease or paradoxical worsening of existing dermatologic conditions, attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. We review the current literature regarding the dermatologic manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Bacillary angiomatosis associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.

Bacillary angiomatosis is an opportunistic bacterial infection caused by either Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. The classic histologic presentation of bacillary angiomatosis involves three components: a lobular proliferation of capillaries with enlarged endothelial cells, neutrophilic debris, and clumps of finely granular material identified as bacteria with staining techniques.

Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral limb overgrowth, venous varicosities, and capillary malformations (port wine stains) of the affected limb or limbs. Large venous malformations such as those observed in KTS are rare, and many physicians are unfamiliar with the potential complications, which include hypercoagulability, thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism (PE). As a result, patients may suffer from delayed diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening thromboembolic event.