Insecticide application prevents honey bees from realizing benefits of native forage in an agricultural landscape.

Health and population status of bees is negatively affected by anthropogenic stressors, many of which co-occur in agricultural settings. While pollinator habitat (often involving plantings of native forbs) holds promise to benefit both managed and wild bees, important issues remain unresolved. These include whether conventional, broad-spectrum insecticide use negates these benefits and how non-native, managed honey bees affect wild bees in these areas.

Gut microbiome-targeted therapies and bone health across the lifespan: a scoping review.

Emerging evidence suggests that bone turnover is influenced by the gut microbiome through critical bone signaling pathways. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic interventions on bone outcomes in humans across the lifespan. PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were searched until January 2023 to identify clinical trials examining bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) with gut microbiome interventions.

Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient.

Overwintering success is an important determinant of arthropod populations that must be considered as climate change continues to influence the spatiotemporal population dynamics of agricultural pests. Using a long-term monitoring database and biologically relevant overwintering zones, we modeled the annual and seasonal population dynamics of a common pest, (Boddie), based on three overwintering suitability zones throughout North America using four decades of soil temperatures: the southern range (able to persist through winter), transitional zone (uncertain overwintering survivorship), and northern limits (unable to survive winter). Our model indicates population dynamics are hierarchically structured with continental-level effects that are partitioned into three geographic zones.

Association of voltage-gated sodium channel mutations with field-evolved pyrethroid resistant phenotypes in soybean aphid and genetic markers for their detection.

The frequent use of insecticides to manage soybean aphids, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the United States has contributed to field-evolved resistance. Pyrethroid-resistant aphids have nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). We identified a leucine to phenylalanine mutation at position 1014 (L1014F) and a methionine to isoleucine mutation (M918I) of the A.

Linear Support Vector Machine Classification of Plant Stress From Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Using Hyperspectral Reflectance.

Spectral remote sensing has the potential to improve scouting and management of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), which can cause yield losses of over 40% in the North Central Region of the United States. We used linear support vector machines (SVMs) to determine 1) whether hyperspectral samples could be classified into treat/no-treat classes based on the economic threshold (250 aphids per plant) and 2) how many wavelengths or features are needed to generate an accurate model without overfitting the data. A range of aphid infestation levels on soybean was created using caged field plots in 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018 in Minnesota and in 2017 and 2018 in Iowa.

Developing an Injury Severity to Yield Loss Relationship for Soybean Gall Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).

Soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a newly identified pest confirmed on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae).

Evidence of enhanced reproductive performance and lack-of-fitness costs among soybean aphids, Aphis glycines, with varying levels of pyrethroid resistance.

Background: Foliar application of insecticides is the main strategy to manage soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the northcentral United States. Subpopulations of A. glycines have multiple nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) genes that are associated with pyrethroid resistance.

Developing a decision-making framework for insect pest management: a case study using Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Background: The profitability of farming varies based on factors such as a crop's market value, input costs and occurrence of resistant pests, all capable of altering the value of pest management tactics in an integrated pest management program. We provide a framework for calculating expected yield and expected net revenue of pest management scenarios, using the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) as a case study. Foliar insecticide and host-plant resistance are effective management tactics for preventing yield loss from soybean aphid outbreaks; however, pyrethroid-resistant aphid populations pose a management challenge for farmers.

Implementation of a Diagnostic-Concentration Bioassay for Detection of Susceptibility to Pyrethroids in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, remains the most economically damaging arthropod pest of soybean in the midwestern United States and southern Canada. Foliar applications of a limited number of insecticide modes of action have been the primary management tactic, and pyrethroid resistance was documented recently with full concentration-response leaf-dip and glass-vial bioassays. Full concentration-response bioassays can be cumbersome, and a more efficient assessment tool was needed.

Detection of Stress Induced by Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Using Multispectral Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a common pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabales: Fabaceae), in North America requiring frequent scouting as part of an integrated pest management plan. Current scouting methods are time consuming and provide incomplete coverage of soybean.

Evaluating Soybean Aphid-Resistant Varieties in Different Environments to Estimate Financial Outcomes.

Farmers face many choices when selecting seed for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production, including highly desired herbicide tolerance traits.

Soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) response to lambda-cyhalothrin varies with its virulence status to aphid-resistant soybean.

Background: Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is an invasive insect in North America, considered one of the most important pests of soybean. Their management relies heavily on foliar insecticides, but there is growing effort to expand these tools to include aphid-resistant varieties. We explored if the LC and LC of lambda-cyhalothrin varied between virulent (resistant to Aphis glycines (Rag) soybeans) and avirulent (susceptible to Rag-genes soybeans) populations of soybean aphid with a leaf-dip bioassay.

Efficacy of afidopyropen against soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and toxicity to natural enemies.

Background: Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), remains the most significant soybean insect pest in the North Central Region of the USA. The sustainability of reliance on only a few insecticide groups for this pest is questionable. We evaluate afidopyropen, a novel pyropene insecticide (Group 9D), for efficacy against A.

Effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean aphid and identification of Metarhizium isolates from agricultural fields.

Terrestrial plants can harbor endophytic fungi that may induce changes in plant physiology that in turn affect interactions with herbivorous insects. We evaluated whether the application of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum to soybean seeds could become endophytic and affect interactions with soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). It was found that A.

Interactions of effects of host plant resistance and seed treatments on soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe).

Background: The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, and soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, are invasive, widespread and economically important pests of soybean, Glycine max, in North America. Management of these pests relies primarily on use of pesticides and soybean germplasm with genetic resistance. A 3-year field study and complementary greenhouse experiment were conducted to determine the benefits of host plant resistance (HPR) and pesticidal seed treatments for managing pest populations and preserving soybean yield.

Evidence for Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the Upper Midwestern United States.

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a damaging invasive pest of soybean in the upper Midwest. Threshold-based insecticide applications are the primary control method for soybean aphid, but few insecticide groups are available (i.e.

Assessing the value and pest management window provided by neonicotinoid seed treatments for management of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) in the Upper Midwestern United States.

Background: A 2-year, multi-state study was conducted to assess the benefits of using soybean seed treated with the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to manage soybean aphid in the upper Midwestern USA and compare this approach with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that included monitoring soybean aphids and treating with foliar-applied insecticide only when the economic threshold was reached. Concentrations of thiamethoxam in soybean foliage were also quantified throughout the growing season to estimate the pest management window afforded by insecticidal seed treatments.

Results: Both the IPM treatment and thiamethoxam-treated seed resulted in significant reductions in cumulative aphid days when soybean aphid populations reached threshold levels.

Abundance of Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Fungi in Organic and Conventional Fields in the Midwestern USA with an Emphasis on the Effect of Herbicides and Fungicides on Fungal Persistence.

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are widespread in agricultural fields and help suppress crop pests. These natural enemies may be hindered by certain agronomic practices associated with conventional agriculture including the use of pesticides. We tested whether the abundance of EPF differed between organic and conventional fields, and whether specific cropping practices and soil properties were correlated with their abundance.

Effects of Rag1 on the preference and performance of soybean defoliators.

The Rag1 gene confers antibiotic resistance to soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and in 2010, varieties expressing Rag1 were released for commercial use in the United States. We do not know how Rag1 varieties will influence the broader community of defoliating insects that inhabit soybean fields. In 2010 and 2011, the preference and performance of pest insects that defoliate soybeans [Glycines max (L.

Effects of the insect growth regulator, novaluron on immature alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata.

Alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata F. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), are the most common pollinators of alfalfa in the Pacific Northwest. Reports from users of M.

Probability of cost-effective management of soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in North America.

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most damaging pests of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the midwestern United States and Canada. We compared three soybean aphid management techniques in three midwestern states (Iowa, Michigan, and Minnesota) for a 3-yr period (2005-2007).