Gender Inequity in the Clinical Setting.

Women in surgery continue to face inequitable treatment from surgical leadership, their peers, hospital staff, and even from their patients. Despite this, women surgeons continue to produce equal, or improved, clinical outcomes for their patients, with their work being given less remuneration than that of their male peers. The cultural stereotypes and biases that drive these inequities are implicit and subtle; however, they have dramatic effects on the lives and careers of women surgeons.

Patterns of care after cholecystostomy tube placement.

Background: The use of cholecystostomy (c-tube) in acute cholecystitis (AC) has increased yet there is limited evidence to guide surgical decision-making after placement. As a result, there is variability in the use and timing of cholecystectomy after c-tube. We aimed to describe patient characteristics, outcomes, and biliary-related utilization in those who did and did not have cholecystectomy after c-tube.

Use of post-discharge heparin prophylaxis and the risk of venous thromboembolism and bleeding following bariatric surgery.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after bariatric surgery. Roughly 80% of VTEs occur post-discharge. The frequency of post-discharge heparin (PDH) prophylaxis use is unknown, and evidence about benefits and risks is limited.

Bariatric Surgery Among Medicare Subgroups: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.

Objective: This study sought to examine weight change, postoperative adverse events, and related outcomes of interest among age-qualified (AQ) and disability-qualified (DQ) Medicare recipients compared with non-Medicare (NM) patients undergoing an initial bariatric procedure.

Methods: The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) is an observational cohort study of 2,458 adults who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) bariatric surgery. Weight, percentage body fat, functional status, and comorbidities, as well as postoperative adverse events, were assessed at baseline and annually for 5 years.

Surgical Techniques and Differences in Postoperative Outcomes for Patients With Crohn's Disease With Ileosigmoid Fistulas: A Single-Institution Experience, 2010-2016.

Background: Surgical treatment of ileosigmoid fistulas in Crohn's disease is poorly characterized.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in patient postoperative outcomes for isolated ileosigmoid fistulas by surgical approach (laparoscopic versus open) and sigmoid colon repair type (sigmoid resection versus primary repair).

Design: Using a prospectively collected database, we gathered perioperative data from chart reviews to calculate differences and associations between treatment groups.

The Association Between Kidney Disease and Diabetes Remission in Bariatric Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Rationale & Objective: The association between bariatric surgery, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly understood. We studied whether remission of type 2 diabetes induced by bariatric surgery influences markers of kidney disease, if CKD is associated with remission of diabetes after bariatric surgery, and if baseline levels of gut hormones and peptides modify these associations.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Biliary Disease in Immunocompromised Patients: a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Acute cholecystitis is a life-threatening disease process in immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, clinical course, and management of calculous and acalculous acute cholecystitis in immunocompromised patients.

Methods: A single center's database was queried for all patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis from January 1, 2003 to September 30, 2016 with concomitant diagnosis of neutropenia, leukopenia, leukemia, or lymphoma.

Gustatory perception and fat body energy metabolism are jointly affected by vitellogenin and juvenile hormone in honey bees.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide a system for studying social and food-related behavior. A caste of workers performs age-related tasks: young bees (nurses) usually feed the brood and other adult bees inside the nest, while older bees (foragers) forage outside for pollen, a protein/lipid source, or nectar, a carbohydrate source. The workers' transition from nursing to foraging and their foraging preferences correlate with differences in gustatory perception, metabolic gene expression, and endocrine physiology including the endocrine factors vitellogenin (Vg) and juvenile hormone (JH).

Honeybee associative learning performance and metabolic stress resilience are positively associated.

Background: Social-environmental influences can affect animal cognition and health. Also, human socio-economic status is a covariate factor connecting psychometric test-performance (a measure of cognitive ability), educational achievement, lifetime health, and survival. The complimentary hypothesis, that mechanisms in physiology can explain some covariance between the same traits, is disputed.