Interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 is a novel therapeutic target for human adrenocortical carcinoma.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare but aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Previous genome-wide expression studies have demonstrated the overexpression of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13Rα2) in some human malignancies.

Methods: The authors evaluated IL13Rα2 mRNA and protein expression in 21 normal samples, 78 benign samples, 10 primary malignant samples, and 25 metastatic/recurrent samples and performed functional analyses with IL13 ligand and IL13 Rα2 knockdown in vitro.

Association of type O blood with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

Background: ABO blood type antigens are expressed not only on human red blood cells, but also throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in normal pancreatic tissue. Previous studies have identified an association between ABO blood type and various malignancies. We analyzed the association of ABO blood type with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in a high-risk cohort of patients with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.

Evaluation of candidate diagnostic microRNAs in thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples.

Background: Thyroid cancer diagnosis in the United States has increased by 2.3-folds in the last three decades. Up to 30% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results are inconclusive.

KIAA0101 is overexpressed, and promotes growth and invasion in adrenal cancer.

Background: KIAA0101 is a proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor that is overexpressed in some human malignancies. Adrenocortical neoplasm is one of the most common human neoplasms for which the molecular causes are poorly understood. Moreover, it is difficult to distinguish between localized benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors.

Palmitoylation controls the dynamics of budding-yeast heterochromatin via the telomere-binding protein Rif1.

The posttranslational addition of palmitate to cysteines occurs ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells, where it functions in anchoring target proteins to membranes and in vesicular trafficking. Here we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae palmitoyltransferase Pfa4 enhanced heterochromatin formation at the cryptic mating-type loci HMR and HML via Rif1, a telomere regulatory protein. Acylated Rif1 was detected in extracts from wild-type but not pfa4Δ mutant cells.

Expression profiling of difficult-to-diagnose thyroid histologic subtypes shows distinct expression profiles and identify candidate diagnostic microRNAs.

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. The findings of up to 30% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) are inconclusive, primarily as a result of several thyroid histologic subtypes with overlapping cytologic features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs and have been implicated in carcinogenesis.

MicroRNA profiling of adrenocortical tumors reveals miR-483 as a marker of malignancy.

Background: The authors are interested in identifying molecular markers that can aid in the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). The aim of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) that are differentially expressed in malignant adrenocortical tumors as compared with benign tumors and assess their potential as diagnostic predictors.

Methods: Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using microarray profiling of adrenocortical tumors and validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

The Ku complex in silencing the cryptic mating-type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Sir1 establishes transcriptional silencing at the cryptic mating-type loci HMR and HML (HM loci) by recruiting the three other Sir proteins, Sir2, -3, and -4, that function directly in silenced chromatin. However, SIR1-independent mechanisms also contribute to recruiting the Sir2-4 proteins to the HM loci. A screen to elucidate SIR1-independent mechanisms that establish HMR silencing identified a mutation in YKU80.

Conversion of a replication origin to a silencer through a pathway shared by a Forkhead transcription factor and an S phase cyclin.

Silencing of the mating-type locus HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires DNA elements called silencers. To establish HMR silencing, the origin recognition complex binds the HMR-E silencer and recruits the silent information regulator (Sir)1 protein. Sir1 in turn helps establish silencing by stabilizing binding of the other Sir proteins, Sir2-4.