All-Cause Mortality and 1990-1991 Gulf War Service within the Millennium Cohort Study (2001-2021).

Although 1990-1991 Gulf War deployment has been linked to worse health outcomes such as chronic multisymptom illness (CMI), often referred to as Gulf War Illness, among deployed Gulf War Veterans, less is known regarding Gulf War service and mortality. Using 20 years of longitudinal data from Gulf War Veteran and Era personnel from the Millennium Cohort Study (2001-2021; n=45381), Cox proportional hazard models estimated the relative effects of Gulf War service status, CMI, and their corresponding interaction on all-cause mortality. Although age- and sex-adjusted mortality ratios suggested that Gulf War Veterans had higher mortality rates than Era personnel, no association was observed between Gulf War service status and mortality risk.

Comparison of Health Outcomes Over Time Among Women 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans, Women 1990-1991 Gulf Era Veterans, and Women in the U.S. General Population.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to examine health over almost 20 years of follow-up among women Gulf War veterans and women Gulf Era veterans and compare their health to that of women in the U.S. general population.

The Health of Gulf War and Gulf Era Veterans Over Time: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Gulf War Longitudinal Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the self-reported physical and mental health over the course over 19 years of follow up of a population-based cohort of Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans.

Methods: A multi-modal health survey of 6338 Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans who participated in all three waves of the longitudinal study.

Results: Gulf War and Gulf War Era veterans experienced an increase in prevalence of chronic disease over time.

The association of pre-war medical conditions to Gulf War Illness.

Aims: Gulf War Illness (GWI) remains a significant health concern for many veterans. The relation of pre-war health conditions and symptoms to GWI could aid in developing a more accurate case definition of GWI. The objective of this study was to investigate pre-war predictors of GWI in a population-based sample of Gulf War veterans using two definitions of GWI.

Gulf War illness in the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository: The Kansas and Centers for Disease Control definitions.

Aims: This study characterizes Gulf War Illness (GWI) among U.S. veterans who participated in the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository (GWECB).

Cause-specific mortality risks among U.S. veterans: 25 years after their service in the 1990-1991 gulf war.

Purpose: There is concern about adverse health effects related to military service in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. This study assessed cause-specific mortality risks among Veterans who served in the war.

Methods: The mortality of 621,244 veterans deployed to the Gulf War was compared to that of 745,704 Veterans who served during the war but were not deployed to the Gulf Theater.

Respiratory illness among Gulf War and Gulf War era veterans who use the Department of Veterans Affairs for healthcare.

Background: Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War were exposed to a variety of toxic substances during their service that included several airborne hazards, but only a few small studies have assessed respiratory outcomes in Gulf War veterans. This paper presents population prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios of respiratory disease among Gulf War and Gulf War Era veterans who use VA healthcare.

Methods: A total of 360,909 Gulf War deployed veterans and 323,638 Gulf War Era non-deployed veterans were included in the analysis.

Prevalence of Chronic Multisymptom Illness/Gulf War Illness Over Time Among Millennium Cohort Participants, 2001 to 2016.

Objective: Chronic multisymptom illness/Gulf War illness (CMI/GWI) is the defining illness of the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War. However, few studies have examined changes over time in CMI/GWI prevalence.

Methods: Prevalence of CMI/GWI over time was compared between three groups of military personnel (9110 Gulf War veterans, 36,019 era personnel, 31,446 non-era personnel) enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study.

Health Status of Female and Male Gulf War and Gulf Era Veterans: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The health of women Gulf War (deployed) and Gulf Era (nondeployed) veterans is understudied; although most studies examining the health effects of deployment to the Gulf War adjust for gender in multivariate analyses, gender-specific prevalence and effect measures are not routinely reported. The National Academy of Medicine recommended that the Department of Veterans Affairs assess gender-specific health conditions in large cohort studies of Gulf War veterans.

Methods: Data from this study come from the follow-up study of a national cohort of Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans.

The Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository: A Longitudinal Research Resource of Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War Era.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository (GWECB) is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of US veterans who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War era. The GWECB combines survey data, such as demographic, health behavior, and environmental exposure data; medical records; and a linked biorepository of blood specimens that can support a broad range of future research regarding health concerns unique to veterans of this era. To build this resource, the VA Cooperative Studies Program initiated a pilot study (2014-2016) to establish the GWECB and evaluate the processes required to build and maintain the resource.

Associations between Use of Antimalarial Medications and Health among U.S. Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Mefloquine (Lariam; Roche Holding AG, Basel, Switzerland) has been linked to acute neuropsychiatric side effects. This is a concern for U.S.

Health Status of Gulf War and Era Veterans Serving in the US Military in 2000.

Objective: This research describes Gulf War and era veterans enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study, who were sampled from US military personnel serving in 2000, and compares health characteristics of this sample to a Department of Veterans Affairs study sampled from the complete population.

Methods: Demographics characteristics of this sample were described. Self-reported health characteristics were compared between the two studies.

Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom-Results From a Population-Based Study.

Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated health problems among veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom). Veterans from these conflicts have a higher prevalence of mental disorders and physical diseases, though most studies were conducted using administrative data.

Materials And Methods: This study analyzes data from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.

Trends in brain cancer mortality among U.S. Gulf War veterans: 21 year follow-up.

Objective: Previous mortality studies of U.S. Gulf War veterans through 2000 and 2004 have shown an increased risk of brain cancer mortality among some deployed individuals.

Prospective post-traumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in active duty and separated military personnel.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental illness that affects current and former military service members at a disproportionately higher rate than the civilian population. Prior studies have shown that PTSD symptoms follow multiple trajectories in civilians and military personnel. The current study examines whether the trajectories of PTSD symptoms of veterans separated from the military are similar to continuously serving military personnel.

Demographic, Military, and Health Characteristics of VA Health Care Users and Nonusers Who Served in or During Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2009-2011.

An estimated 60% of all Operation Enduring Freedom / Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans who have left the military had used the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for health care services as of March 31, 2015. What is not known, however, are the differences in demographic, military, and health characteristics between OEF/OIF veterans who use the VA for health care and OEF/OIF veterans who do not. We used data from the 2009-2011 National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans to explore these differences.

Lifetime Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases and Exposures Among Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans: Results From the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory exposures and the association between respiratory exposures and respiratory disease among veterans deployed to Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) compared with nondeployed veterans of this era.

Methods: Data come from a national health survey of 20,563 deployed and nondeployed OEF/OIF era veterans. Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios were calculated.

Physical and Mental Health Status of Gulf War and Gulf Era Veterans: Results From a Large Population-Based Epidemiological Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to report the mental and physical health of a population-based cohort of Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans 20 years after the war.

Methods: A multimode (mail, Web, or computer-assisted telephone interviewing) heath survey of 14,252 Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans. The survey consisted of questions about general, physical, mental, reproductive, and functional health.

Military Sexual Trauma Among Recent Veterans: Correlates of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment.

Introduction: Military sexual trauma (MST) includes sexual harassment or sexual assault that occurs during military service and is of increasing public health concern. The population prevalence of MST among female and male veterans who served during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) has not been estimated to our knowledge. The purpose of this study is to assess the population prevalence and identify military correlates of MST, sexual harassment, and sexual assault among OEF/OIF veterans.

CAM utilization among OEF/OIF veterans: findings from the National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans.

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly seen as an adjunct to traditional plans of care. This study utilized a representative sample of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans and OEF/OIF-era veterans to explore the prevalence and characteristics of CAM users.

Research Design: The National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans (NewGen) is a longitudinal health study of a population-based cohort of OEF/OIF (deployed) and OEF/OIF-era (nondeployed) veterans.

Prevalence of a positive screen for PTSD among OEF/OIF and OEF/OIF-era veterans in a large population-based cohort.

Multiple studies have reported the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans; however, these studies have been limited to populations who use the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for health care, specialty clinic populations, or veterans who deployed. The 3 aims of this study were to report weighted prevalence estimates of a positive screen for PTSD among OEF/OIF and nondeployed veterans, demographic subgroups, and VA health care system users and nonusers. The study analyzed data from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.

Method Issues in Epidemiological Studies of Medically Unexplained Symptom-based Conditions in Veterans.

Symptom-based conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and medically unexplained multi-symptom illness (MSI) are fairly common in the general population and are also important veteran's health concerns due to their higher frequency among U.S. veterans who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War.

Prevalence of respiratory diseases among veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom: results from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans.

This study investigated the population prevalence of asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis among veterans deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq compared to nondeployed veterans. A 2009-2011 population-based health survey of 60,000 veterans (34% response rate) asked about the history of doctor-diagnosed respiratory disease. Analyses included smoking history, deployment status, and year of diagnosis.