White-coat hypertension/effect is associated with higher arterial stiffness and stroke events.

Objectives: The risk profile of white-coat hypertension/effect (WCH/E) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between WCH/E, markers of cardiovascular risk and cerebrovascular events.

Methods: This is a sub-group analysis of The Arterial Stiffness In lacunar Stroke and Transient ischemic attack (ASIST) study, which recruited 96 patients aged at least 40 years old with a diagnosis of transient ischemic attack or lacunar stroke in the preceding 14 days.

C-Reactive Protein Predicts Further Ischemic Events in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack or Lacunar Stroke.

Patients who have experienced a first cerebral ischemic event are at increased risk of recurrent stroke. There is strong evidence that low-level inflammation as measured by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a predictor of further ischemic events. Other mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke may play a role in determining the risk of secondary events, including oxidative stress and the adaptive response to it and activation of neuroprotective pathways by hypoxia, for instance through induction of erythropoietin (EPO).

Neural markers of category-based selective working memory in aging.

Working memory (WM) is essential for normal cognitive function, but shows marked decline in aging. The importance of selective attention in guiding WM performance is increasingly recognized. Studies so far are inconclusive about the ability to use selective attention during WM in aging.

Imagining a brighter future: the effect of positive imagery training on mood, prospective mental imagery and emotional bias in older adults.

Positive affect and optimism play an important role in healthy ageing and are associated with improved physical and cognitive health outcomes. This study investigated whether it is possible to boost positive affect and associated positive biases in this age group using cognitive training. The effect of computerised imagery-based cognitive bias modification on positive affect, vividness of positive prospective imagery and interpretation biases in older adults was measured.

Resting functional connectivity reveals residual functional activity in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has great potential for measuring mechanisms of functional changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment, but task fMRI studies have produced conflicting results, partly due to failure to account for underlying morphological changes and to variations in patients' ability to perform the tasks. Resting fMRI has potential for assessing brain function independently from a task, but greater understanding of how networks of resting functional connectivity relate to the functioning of the brain is needed. We combined resting fMRI and task fMRI to examine the correspondence between these methods in individuals with cognitive impairment.

Structural and functional bases of visuospatial associative memory in older adults.

Impaired visuospatial associative memory may be one of the earliest changes predicting cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. We explored the relationship between performance on a visuospatial associative memory task (the Placing Test) and brain structure and function in cognitively healthy older adults. First, we performed a voxel-based morphometry correlational analysis on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 144 healthy older adults with their scores on the Placing Test.

Neuroanatomy of impaired self-awareness in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be unaware of their cognitive impairment. The neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying this symptom, termed anosognosia or impaired self-awareness, are still poorly understood. In the present study we aimed to explore the functional correlates of self-awareness in patients with MCI and AD.