Identification of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy in Three Administrative Data Sources Among Medicaid-Funded Births in California.

Purpose: Administrative data sources are used to describe the epidemiology of chronic hypertension in pregnancy and its consequences. Differences in identification across sources may affect research estimates. We compared identification of chronic hypertension in birth certificate records, hospital discharge records, and Medi-Cal claims in the same individuals.

Birth defects among offspring of California firefighters, 2007-2019.

Purpose: Limited research examines birth defects from maternal or paternal firefighting exposure. This study aims to assess if maternal or paternal occupational exposure to firefighting during periconception is associated with offspring birth defects.

Methods: Data from California birth certificates (2007-2019) were linked to maternal / offspring hospitalization records.

Prenatal cannabis use disorder and gastroschisis in California, 2007-19.

Background: Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the abdominal wall with an unknown aetiology. Recent trends in the prevalence of gastroschisis suggest that changing environmental or behavioural factors may contribute. We examined whether prenatal cannabis use disorder was associated with gastroschisis.

Childhood Aggressive Behavior and Adolescent Substance Use Initiation.

Background: Drug and alcohol use before the age of 14 is associated with adverse outcomes over the life course. While previous studies have identified numerous sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth substance use initiation, few have examined the relationship between behavioral characteristics, such as childhood aggression, and substance use initiation in adolescence.

Methods: This longitudinal study consisted of 2985 children from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study.

Socioeconomic position and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood: Evidence from Santiago, Chile.

Background: Optimizing cognitive development through early adulthood has implications for population health. This study aims to understand how socioeconomic position (SEP) across development relates to executive functioning. We evaluate three frameworks in life-course epidemiology - the sensitive period, accumulation, and social mobility hypotheses.

Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis and Risk of Major Structural Birth Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To review and perform a meta-analysis of observational studies that examined associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and major structural birth defects.

Data Sources: Information sources included Google Scholar, BIOSIS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Associations Between Preconception Glycemia and Preterm Birth: The Potential Role of Health Care Access and Utilization.

Preconception diabetes is strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes. Less is known about the effects of elevated glycemia at levels below clinical cutoffs for diabetes. In this study, we estimated associations between preconception diabetes, prediabetes, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the risk of preterm birth, and evaluated whether associations were modified by access to or utilization of health care services.

Associations of prenatal exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with preterm birth and small for gestational age infants among women with autoimmune disorders.

Purpose: Estimate associations between prenatal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) exposure and preterm birth and small for gestational age among women with autoimmune conditions.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in the MotherToBaby cohort and had an autoimmune disorder and singleton live birth >20 weeks gestation (n = 2007). We characterized self-reported NSAID exposure over gestation for timing, duration, and average daily dose.

Alcohol-related dysmorphic features as predictors of neurodevelopmental delay in infants and preschool-aged children: Results from a birth cohort in Ukraine.

Background: Cardinal and non-cardinal dysmorphic features are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE); however, their association with neurodevelopment is less clear. The objective of this study was to determine whether alcohol-related dysmorphic features predict neurodevelopmental delay in infants and toddlers.

Methods: We analyzed a prospective pregnancy cohort in western Ukraine enrolled between 2008 and 2014.

Chronic hypertension and risk of preterm delivery: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health.

Background: Chronic hypertension during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. In 2017, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) lowered thresholds to classify hypertension in non-pregnant adults to SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and DBP ≥ 80 mmHg (ie stage I hypertension), resulting in an additional 4.5-million reproductive-aged women meeting criteria for hypertension.

Chronic Stress Burden, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Adiposity-Related Inflammation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Objective: We investigated the role of chronic stress burden on adiposity and adiposity-related inflammation with two hypotheses: a) greater chronic stress is associated with higher central adiposity and selective accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and b) associations between VAT and inflammatory biomarkers are exacerbated when chronic stress is high.

Methods: Data come from 1809 participants included in a Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis ancillary study of body composition and adiposity-related inflammation. Chronic psychosocial stress was measured with a five-item version of the Chronic Stress Burden Scale.

Sodium and Health Outcomes: Ascertaining Valid Estimates in Research Studies.

Purpose Of Review: The dietary reference intake (DRI) for sodium has been highly debated with persuasive and elegant arguments made for both population sodium reduction and for maintenance of the status quo. After the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) report was published, controversy ensued, and by Congressional mandate, the sodium DRIs were updated in 2019. The 2019 DRIs defined adequate intake (AI) levels by age-sex groups that are largely consistent with the DRIs for sodium that were published in 2005.

Associations Among Household Chaos, School Belonging and Risk Behaviors in Adolescents.

We examined the associations between adolescent risk behaviors and household chaos, and whether associations varied by adolescents' sense of school belonging. We collected data from 801 Chilean adolescents from working-class families (M age 16.2 years).

Risk taking, sensation seeking and personality as related to changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood.

Introduction: This study examined changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood as related to adolescents' risk taking, sensation seeking, antisocial activities, and personality traits.

Methods: Chilean youth (N = 890, 52% female) were studied in adolescence (14.5 and 16.

Childhood socioeconomic hardship, family conflict, and young adult hypertension: The Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Stress derived from socioeconomic disadvantage can be damaging to mental and physical health. This study uses longitudinal data on a large prospectively studied cohort to examine how socioeconomic hardship during childhood leads to hypertension in young adulthood by its effects on family conflict, anxiety-depression, and body mass.

Method: Data are from 1,039 participants of the Santiago Longitudinal Study who were studied in childhood (M age 10 years), adolescence (14-17 years), and young adulthood (21-26 years).

BMI Trajectories from Birth to 23 Years by Cardiometabolic Risks in Young Adulthood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level, rate, and acceleration of BMI growth differ according to the presence or absence of adult cardiometabolic (CM) risks.

Methods: BMI was measured in 1,000 Chileans at nine time points from birth to 23 years, and metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed at young adulthood. BMI growth was analyzed in the following three developmental periods: birth to 6 months, 6 months to 5 years, and 5 to 23 years.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Iron-Fortified versus Low-Iron Infant Formula: Developmental Outcomes at 16 Years.

Objectives: To test differences in cognitive outcomes among adolescents randomly assigned previously as infants to iron-fortified formula or low-iron formula as part of an iron deficiency anemia prevention trial.

Study Design: Infants were recruited from community clinics in low- to middle-income neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile. Entrance criteria included term, singleton infants; birth weight of ≥3.