Outcomes of Threaded Intramedullary Headless Nail Fixation for Metacarpal Fractures.

Metacarpal fractures are common and may require operative treatment; however, there is no gold standard fixation technique. K-wires are used for simplicity and flexibility but require immobilization and can lead to complications. Dorsal plating provides greater stability than K-wires but is subject to its own limitations.

A strict requirement in proteasome substrates for spacing between ubiquitin tag and degradation initiation elements.

Proteins are typically targeted to the proteasome for degradation through the attachment of ubiquitin chains and the proteasome initiates degradation at a disordered region within the target protein. Yet some proteins with ubiquitin chains and disordered regions escape degradation. Here we investigate how the position of the ubiquitin chain on the target protein relative to the disordered region modulates degradation and show that the distance between the two determines whether a protein is degraded efficiently.

Evaluation of the Quality of Evidence of the Association of Foods and Nutrients With Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Poor diet is a leading global factor associated with cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Understanding the quality of evidence of the associations between specific dietary factors and CMD, including effect size (relative risk [RR]) and uncertainty, is essential to guide policy and consumer actions to achieve healthy diet and public health goals.

Objective: To assess the quality of evidence of the associations between specific dietary factors and CMD as well as the quantitative evidence for RRs and the uncertainty of these risk estimates.

Prune belly syndrome in surviving males can be caused by Hemizygous missense mutations in the X-linked Filamin A gene.

Background: Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare, multi-system congenital myopathy primarily affecting males that is poorly described genetically. Phenotypically, its morbidity spans from mild to lethal, however, all isolated PBS cases manifest three cardinal pathological features: 1) wrinkled flaccid ventral abdominal wall with skeletal muscle deficiency, 2) urinary tract dilation with poorly contractile smooth muscle, and 3) intra-abdominal undescended testes. Despite evidence for a genetic basis, previously reported PBS autosomal candidate genes only account for one consanguineous family and single cases.

Adaptive properties of human cementum and cementum dentin junction with age.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate age related changes in physical (structure/mechanical properties) and chemical (elemental/inorganic mineral content) properties of cementum layers interfacing dentin.

Methods: Human mandibular molars (N=43) were collected and sorted by age (younger=19-39, middle=40-60, older=61-81 years). The structures of primary and secondary cementum (PC, SC) types were evaluated using light and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques.