Web-Based Intervention (SunnysideFlex) to Promote Resilience to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Pregnancy: Development and Pilot Study.

Background: Approximately 4% to 8% of pregnant individuals meet the criteria for current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a known risk factor for a multitude of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. However, PTSD is rarely detected or treated in obstetric settings. Moreover, available prenatal PTSD treatments require in-person services that are often inaccessible due to barriers to care.

Negative urgency, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol risk in college students.

Theoretical models of trauma and alcohol use suggest that trauma-exposed individuals with higher levels of PTSD symptoms are at increased risk of problematic and coping-oriented alcohol use to alleviate unwanted internal states. The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether these associations are enhanced among young adults who report engaging in impulsive behavior in the context of negative affect (i.e.

Actigraphic Wake after Sleep Onset and Symptom Severity Correspond with Rumination in Trauma-Exposed Individuals.

Rumination and worry are forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) commonly associated with internalizing psychopathologies, although less is known about RNT in trauma-exposed individuals with internalizing psychopathologies. Separate lines of research show RNT also plays a role in problematic sleep, which is frequently experienced after trauma exposure. To address gaps in the literature, the current study examines the impact of sleep and symptoms on RNT in trauma-exposed participants.

Trauma Cue-Elicited Alcohol Craving as a Function of Adult Versus Childhood-Onset Interpersonal Traumatic Events in Young Adult Drinkers.

Objective: Childhood trauma may influence risk for alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder through negative and positive reinforcement drinking. Laboratory studies evaluating childhood trauma in relation to these phenotypes are limited.

Method: This study examined the influence of childhood index traumas on responses to trauma and alcohol cues among 184 college students (50.

Trauma and alcohol characteristics related to high intensity binge drinking during college.

High intensity (HI) binge drinking has emerged as a high-risk drinking phenotype in young adult drinkers, yet few studies have evaluated clinically meaningful correlates of HI binge drinking among young adults at risk for co-occurring psychopathologies, such as interpersonal trauma-exposed drinkers. The present study compared three groups (i.e.

The Influences of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Distress Tolerance on Trauma and Alcohol Cue Reactivity in a Sample of Trauma-Exposed College Students.

Objective: Models of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) often emphasize negative reinforcement drinking (i.e., drinking to reduce negative affect) as a key etiological and maintenance factor.

Negative affect and alcohol craving in trauma-exposed young adult drinkers.

Background: Clinical research indicates that successful posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment does not lead to improvements in alcohol use outcomes in comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Emerging theory suggests that treating PTSD may not disrupt an association between negative affect and alcohol craving, which underlies negative reinforcement drinking. The goal of the current study was to determine the respective influences of PTSD symptoms, coping motives, and negative affect on trauma and alcohol cue reactivity to inform theoretical models of co-occurring PTSD and AUD.

Cardiovascular risk as a moderator of associations among anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, PTSD and depression symptoms among trauma-exposed firefighters.

Background: Firefighters experience frequent and severe trauma exposure, which places them at elevated risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression. Cardiovascular issues may exacerbate the effects of mental health risk factors, such as anxiety sensitivity (AS) and distress tolerance (DT), on PTSD and depression. The current study investigated cardiovascular risk as a moderator of associations between risk factors (AS and DT) and psychiatric symptoms (PTSD and depression) among firefighters.

Evaluating the influences of major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder on trauma and alcohol cue reactivity.

Despite support for the role of self-medication alcohol use in the etiology and maintenance of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), theoretical and empirical models of PTSD-AUD rarely account for the role of common comorbidities in risk processes, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study examined the main and interactive effects of PTSD and depressive symptoms on patterns of trauma and alcohol cue reactivity to elucidate potential influences of depression on conditioned craving responses to trauma memories. It was hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be associated with greater cue reactivity (i.

Lifetime trauma endorsement, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol dependence as a function of sexual minority status.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur, with elevated rates of both disorders in lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) samples. Few studies have compared the strength of PTSD-AUD associations between LGB and heterosexual individuals or evaluated the role of nontraumatic LGB discrimination in these relationships among sexual minorities.

Method: The current study utilized nationally representative epidemiological data ( = 29,646) to (a) examine whether associations between lifetime trauma endorsement/PTSD and lifetime alcohol dependence (AD) differ as a function of sexual minority status and (b) evaluate the role of LGB-specific discrimination in trauma/PTSD and AD associations among LGB individuals.

Sleep Quality Moderates the Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and PTSD Symptoms in Combat-exposed Veterans.

: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions (e.g., depression) are common in Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans.

The Relation Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity and Startle Potentiation to Predictable and Unpredictable Threat.

Aberrant threat reactivity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the literature on this association is mixed. One factor that may contribute to this inconsistent association is differences in severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) across studies, but no studies have tested this hypothesis. The relation between PTSD and threat reactivity may also differ between unpredictable threats (U-threats) and predictable threats (P-threats), given burgeoning evidence to support a particular role for aberrant responding to U-threat in PTSD.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, relationship quality, and risky alcohol use among trauma-exposed students.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), in part due to the use of alcohol as a coping strategy. High quality romantic relationships can buffer individuals against risk for psychopathology; however, no studies have evaluated romantic relationship quality in risk for PTSD-AUD in non-clinical samples. The current study examined the main and interactive effects of PTSD symptoms and romantic relationship quality on alcohol consumption (i.

Post-traumatic stress and alcohol use disorders: recent advances and future directions in cue reactivity.

The comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) is prevalent, complex, and difficult to treat. Cue reactivity paradigms offer a clinically relevant scientific avenue to advance our understanding of PTSD/AUD comorbidity and ultimately inform evidence-based interventions. Cue reactivity paradigms evoke emotional, behavioral, and/or physiological responses by manipulating external (e.

A Multimodal Study of Childhood Trauma and Distress Tolerance in Young Adulthood.

Individuals with a history of childhood trauma experience deficits in emotion regulation. However, few studies have investigated childhood trauma and both perceived (i.e.

Age of alcohol use initiation and psychiatric symptoms among young adult trauma survivors.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) evidences high rates of comorbidity with a range of psychiatric disorders, particularly within high-risk populations, such as individuals exposed to physical or sexual violence. Increasing efforts are focused on understanding the role of early alcohol use (e.g.

A cluster-analytic approach to determining drinking motives and personality typologies: Trauma group differences and respective relations to PTSD and problematic alcohol use.

Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at elevated risk for alcohol use problems, a relationship commonly explained by using alcohol to cope with unpleasant symptoms of PTSD. However, patterns of alcohol use motives, more broadly, have not been well characterized in veteran samples, nor have they been evaluated in the context of other relevant factors, such as normative personality traits. The aims of the present study were to identify empirically derived drinking motive and personality typologies to determine whether these typologies differ as a function of PTSD status (i.

Time course of panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder onsets.

Purpose: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occurs with panic disorder (PD), with some etiological models positing a causal role of panic reactivity in PTSD onset; however, data addressing the temporal ordering of these conditions are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the bi-directional associations between PD and PTSD in a nationally representative, epidemiologic sample of trauma-exposed adults.

Methods: Participants were community-dwelling adults (62.

Associations Between Personality and Distress Tolerance Among Trauma-Exposed Young Adults.

Low distress tolerance (DT) is related to negative mental health outcomes, particularly among trauma-exposed populations, who are at greater risk for mental health problems. However, little is known about potential etiological factors underlying the development of perceived (i.e.

Relation between coping and posttrauma cognitions on PTSD in a combat-trauma population.

Individual differences in cognitive processes and coping behaviors play a role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the large numbers of combat-exposed service members returning from the Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) conflicts, exploring individual differences in cognitive-affective processes is important for informing our understanding of PTSD etiology and early intervention in military samples. The present study examined the unique main and interactive effects of negative posttrauma cognitions (i.

Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance Typologies and Relations to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Cluster Analytic Approach.

A growing literature suggests a relationship between a high anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety and its related consequences)/low distress tolerance (DT; the capacity tolerate internal negative states) profile and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, specific profiles have not been identified or examined specifically in veteran samples. Thus, the aims of the present study were to establish empirically derived profiles created from response patterns on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index and Distress Tolerance Scale and to examine associations with PTSD symptom clusters among a sample of combat-exposed veterans ( = 250).

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Trauma-Exposed Inpatient Adolescents: The Role of Emotional Nonacceptance and Anxiety Symptom Severity.

The present investigation examined the role of anxiety symptom severity in the relation between emotional nonacceptance and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a diverse sample of trauma-exposed adolescents admitted for acute psychiatric care at an inpatient state hospital (N = 50; 52.0% women; 44% white; mean [SD] age, 15.1 [0.

Reward functioning in posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are complex psychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur. Research on PTSD-SUD comorbidity has increasingly focused upon better understanding biopsychosocial factors that may contribute to their co-occurring etiology, maintenance, and treatment. Anhedonia, defined as a lack of pleasure from or interest in rewards, stems from deficits in reward functioning and is associated with specific neurocircuitries.

Childhood trauma and distress tolerance in a trauma-exposed acute-care psychiatric inpatient sample.

Objective: Distress tolerance (DT; the perceived or actual ability to withstand negative internal states) has emerged as a promising transdiagnostic risk factor in clinically severe populations. However, little is known about etiological factors associated with the development of DT. We hypothesized that greater levels of childhood trauma would be associated with lower perceived and behavioral DT, beyond theoretically relevant covariates.