Intrinsic motoneuron properties in typical human development.

Motoneuron properties and their firing patterns undergo significant changes throughout development and in response to neuromodulators such as serotonin. Here, we examined the age-related development of self-sustained firing and general excitability of tibialis anterior motoneurons in a young development (7-17 years), young adult (18-28 years) and adult (32-53 years) group, as well as in a separate group of participants taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, aged 11-28 years). Self-sustained firing, as measured by ΔF, was larger in the young development (∼5.

Toxic Tire Wear Compounds (6PPD-Q and 4-ADPA) Detected in Airborne Particulate Matter Along a Highway in Mississippi, USA.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are a major category of microplastic pollution produced by friction between tires and road surfaces. This non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) containing leachable toxic compounds is transported through the air and with stormwater runoff, leading to environmental pollution and human health concerns. In the present study, we collected airborne PM at varying distances (5, 15 and 30 m) along US Highway 278 in Oxford, Mississippi, USA, for ten consecutive days using Sigma-2 passive samplers.

Antithrombin activity and central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in critically ill children at high risk of bleeding.

Background: Normalization of antithrombin activity may prevent catheter-associated thrombosis in critically ill children at high risk of bleeding.

Objectives: To characterize the temporal pattern of antithrombin activity, assess its association with catheter-associated thrombosis and clinically relevant bleeding, and evaluate its relationship with thrombin generation in these children.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, critically ill children <18 years old at high risk of bleeding with central venous catheter were eligible.

Fostering Resilience in Nursing Through R.E.S.T.

With about one-third of nurses having expressed an intention to leave the profession or change jobs in 2022, the effects of nursing job stress are evident. For nurses to continue to provide care in high stress, they must practice self-compassion and build resilience. The importance of resilience education and self-compassion for nurses and in nursing education is discussed from a Christian perspective, along with self-care strategies using the R.

High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation in Viral Bronchiolitis.

Background: High-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) is an alternative mode of mechanical ventilation that has been shown to improve gas exchange in subjects with severe respiratory failure. We hypothesized that HFPV use would improve ventilation and oxygenation in intubated children with acute bronchiolitis.

Methods: In this single-center prospective cohort study we included mechanically ventilated children in the pediatric ICU with bronchiolitis 1-24 months old who were transitioned to HFPV from conventional invasive mechanical ventilation from November 2018-April 2020.

Outcomes of Prophylactic Enoxaparin Against Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Children.

Objectives: To assess the biochemical and clinical outcomes of hospitalized children who received prophylactic enoxaparin.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of hospitalized children aged <18 years who received prophylactic enoxaparin against hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE). Weight-based enoxaparin dosing was administered using a pharmacy-driven protocol, which later included a low molecular weight, anti-Xa level directed-dose adjustment strategy.

The COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric mental health: advocating for improved access and recognition.

Pediatric mental health has been poorly addressed and access to quality psychiatric care is limited in many countries around the world including wealthy nations. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a strain on pediatric mental health resources across the globe. This was primarily due to the stress of lockdowns, loss of caregivers, and school interruptions, which further exacerbated the mental health needs of children.

Estimation of dementia prevalence at the local level in the United States.

Introduction: Ensuring adequate and equitable distribution of resources to support persons living with dementia relies on understanding the burden and distribution of dementia in a population. Our goal was to develop an approach to estimate dementia prevalence at the local level in the United States using publicly available data.

Methods: Our approach combines publicly available data on dementia prevalence and demographic data from the US Census to estimate dementia prevalence.

Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature.

Background: Dementia is a devastating neurologic condition that is common in older adults. We previously reviewed the epidemiological evidence examining the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution affects dementia risk. Since then, the evidence base has expanded rapidly.

Timing of Pediatric Palliative Care Consults in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Disease.

Pediatric palliative care (PPC) provides an extra layer of support for families caring for a child with complex heart disease as these patients often experience lifelong morbidities with frequent hospitalizations and risk of early mortality. PPC referral at the time of heart disease diagnosis provides early involvement in the disease trajectory, allowing PPC teams to longitudinally support patients and families with symptom management, complex medical decision-making, and advanced care planning. We analyzed 113 hospitalized pediatric patients with a primary diagnosis of heart disease and a PPC consult to identify timing of first PPC consultation in relation to diagnosis, complex chronic conditions (CCC), and death.

Generalizability of findings from a clinical sample to a community-based sample: A comparison of ADNI and ARIC.

Introduction: Clinic-based study samples, including the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), offer rich data, but findings may not generalize to community-based settings. We compared associations in ADNI to those in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to assess generalizability across the two settings.

Methods: We estimated cohort-specific associations among risk factors, cognitive test scores, and neuroimaging outcomes to identify and quantify the extent of significant and substantively meaningful differences in associations between cohorts.

Trends in Relative Incidence and Prevalence of Dementia Across Non-Hispanic Black and White Individuals in the United States, 2000-2016.

Importance: In the US, dementia risk is higher in non-Hispanic Black individuals than in non-Hispanic White individuals. To evaluate progress toward reducing such disparities, tracking secular trends in racial disparities in dementia prevalence is essential.

Objective: To examine whether relative racial disparities in dementia prevalence or incidence have changed in the US from 2000 to 2016.

Cytotoxin-producing in the preterm gut and its association with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal inflammatory disease of premature infants associated with gut bacterial dysbiosis. Using 16S rRNA-based methods, our laboratory identified an unclassified Enterobacteriaceae sequence (NEC_unk_OTU) with high abundance in NEC fecal samples. We aimed to identify this bacterium and determine its potential role in the disease.

The association between midlife lipid levels and late-life brain amyloid deposition.

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in midlife and decline in total cholesterol from mid- to late-life are associated with incident dementia. Whether brain amyloid deposition mediates this relationship is unclear. We explored the association between midlife blood lipid levels and mid- to late-life change in lipid levels with brain amyloid deposition assessed using florbetapir PET scans in a biracial sample of 325 nondemented participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-PET Amyloid Imaging study.

Palliative Care in Children With Heart Disease Treated in an ICU.

Objectives: Describe pediatric palliative care consult in children with heart disease; retrospectively apply Center to Advance Palliative Care criteria for pediatric palliative care consults; determine the impact of pediatric palliative care on end of life.

Design: A retrospective single-center study.

Setting: A 16-bed cardiac ICU in a university-affiliated tertiary care children's hospital.

The hazards and benefits of social media use in adolescents.

Studies have found that social media can act as a catalyst to negative attitudes and behaviors in adolescents. This article reviews the current evidence and explores if there is a connection between social media and mental health issues.