Drug dosage modifications in 24 million in-patient prescriptions covering eight years: A Danish population-wide study of polypharmacy.

Polypharmacy has generally been assessed by raw counts of different drugs administered concomitantly to the same patients; not with respect to the likelihood of dosage-adjustments. To address this aspect of polypharmacy, the objective of the present study was to identify co-medications associated with more frequent dosage adjustments. The data foundation was electronic health records from 3.

Enlarged cross-sectional area in peripheral nerves in Swedish patients with hereditary V30M transthyretin amyloidosis.

Introduction: In hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv), two different fibrillar forms causing the amyloid deposition, have been identified, displaying substantially cardiac or neuropathic symptoms. Neuropathic symptoms are more frequent in early-onset patients, whereas late-onset patients, besides cardiac symptoms, seem to develop carpal tunnel syndrome, more often. With ultrasonography (US) of peripheral nerves, it is possible to distinguish structural changes, and enlarged cross-sectional area (CSA).

A unidirectional mapping of ICD-8 to ICD-10 codes, for harmonized longitudinal analysis of diseases.

Periodic revisions of the international classification of diseases (ICD) ensure that the classification reflects new practices and knowledge; however, this complicates retrospective research as diagnoses are coded in different versions. For longitudinal disease trajectory studies, a crosswalk is an essential tool and a comprehensive mapping between ICD-8 and ICD-10 has until now been lacking. In this study, we map all ICD-8 morbidity codes to ICD-10 in the expanded Danish ICD version.

Corrigendum: Optimized riboswitch-regulated AAV vector for VEGF-B gene therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

Understanding European integration with bipartite networks of comparative advantage.

Core objectives of European common market integration are convergence and economic growth, but these are hampered by redundancy, and value chain asymmetries. The challenge is how to harmonize labor division to reach global competitiveness, meanwhile bridging productivity differences across the EU. We develop a bipartite network approach to trace pairwise co-specialization by applying the revealed comparative advantage method within and between the EU15 and Central and Eastern European (CEE).

High titers of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies six months after symptom onset are associated with increased severity in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

Background: Viral shedding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) dynamics among patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and immune correlates of protection have been key questions throughout the pandemic. We investigated the duration of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity, infectious viral shedding and NAb titers as well as the association between NAb titers and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Denmark 2020-2021.

Materials And Methods: Prospective single-center observational cohort study of 47 hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Optimized riboswitch-regulated AAV vector for VEGF-B gene therapy.

Gene therapy would greatly benefit from a method to regulate therapeutic gene expression temporally. Riboswitches are small RNA elements that have been studied for their potential use in turning transgene expression on or off by ligand binding. We compared several tetracycline and toyocamycin-inducible ON-riboswitches for a drug responsive transgene expression.

Investigation of the Spatial Generation of Stimulated Raman Scattering Using Computer Simulation and Experimentation.

Stimulated Raman scattering is a phenomenon with potential use in providing real-time molecular information in three-dimensions (3D) of a sample using imaging. For precise imaging, the knowledge about the spatial generation of stimulated Raman scattering is essential. To investigate the spatial behavior in an idealized case, computer simulations and experiments were performed.

Temporal patterns of multi-morbidity in 570157 ischemic heart disease patients: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (IHD) are becoming increasingly multi-morbid, and studies designed to analyze the full spectrum are few.

Methods: Disease trajectories, defined as time-ordered series of diagnoses, were used to study the temporality of multi-morbidity. The main data source was The Danish National Patient Register (NPR) comprising 7,179,538 individuals in the period 1994-2018.

How cunning is the puppet-master? Cestode-infected fish appear generally fearless.

Trophically transmitted parasites have life cycles that require the infected host to be eaten by the correct type of predator. Such parasites should benefit from an ability to suppress the host's fear of predators, but if the manipulation is imprecise the consequence may be increased predation by non-hosts, to the detriment of the parasite. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infected by the cestode Schistocephalus solidus express reduced antipredator behaviours, but it is unknown whether this is an example of a highly precise manipulation, a more general manipulation, or if it can even be attributed to mere side effects of disease.

Drug interactions in hospital prescriptions in Denmark: Prevalence and associations with adverse outcomes.

Purpose: While the beneficial effects of medications are numerous, drug-drug interactions may lead to adverse drug reactions that are preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Our goal was to quantify the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in drug prescriptions at Danish hospitals, estimate the risk of adverse outcomes associated with discouraged drug combinations, and highlight the patient types (defined by the primary diagnosis of the admission) that appear to be more affected.

Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive part) and cohort study (adverse outcomes part) used hospital electronic health records from two Danish regions (~2.

Functional roles of the membrane-associated AAV protein MAAP.

With a limited coding capacity of 4.7 kb, adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome has evolved over-lapping genes to maximise the usage of its genome. An example is the recently found ORF in the cap gene, encoding membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP), located in the same genomic region as the VP1/2 unique domain, but in a different reading frame.

Host Genetics and Antiviral Immune Responses in Adult Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a rare condition mostly affecting children but also adults (MIS-A). Although severe systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction are hallmarks of the syndrome, the underlying pathogenesis is unclear. We aimed to provide novel immunological and genetic descriptions of MIS-A patients.

Comparison of Skimmed Milk and Lanthanum Flocculation for Concentration of Pathogenic Viruses in Water.

Concentration of viruses in water is necessary for detection and quantification of the viruses present, in order to evaluate microbiological barriers in water treatment plants and detect pathogenic viruses during waterborne outbreaks, but there is currently no standardised procedure. In this study, we implemented a previously described fast and simple lanthanum-based protocol for concentration of norovirus genogroup I (GI), genogroup II (GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in drinking and surface water. We compared the results with those of a widely used skimmed milk flocculation method, followed by nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR detection.

First wave of COVID-19 hospital admissions in Denmark: a Nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a worldwide emergency. Demographic, comorbidity and laboratory determinants of death and of ICU admission were explored in all Danish hospitalised patients.

Methods: National health registries were used to identify all hospitalized patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis.

A new assay for quantitative detection of hepatitis A virus.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is mainly transmitted via contaminated food or water or through person-to-person contact. Here, we describe development and evaluation of a reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) and reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for detection of HAV in food and clinical specimens. The assay was evaluated by assessing limit of detection, precision, matrix effects, sensitivity and quantitative agreement.

[Pulmonary thromboembolism as contributing cause of severe respiratory insufficiency in a patient with COVID-19 infection].

We report a case of multiple peripheral pulmonary thromboembolisms in a 69-year-old male hospitalised due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no evident risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism, the patient had a Wells' score of zero, and the diagnosis only became evident after repeated CT pulmonary angiographies.

Bayesian epidemiological modeling over high-resolution network data.

Mathematical epidemiological models have a broad use, including both qualitative and quantitative applications. With the increasing availability of data, large-scale quantitative disease spread models can nowadays be formulated. Such models have a great potential, e.

Sex and age differences among tramadol users in three Nordic countries.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of tramadol users in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

Methods: Data from the national prescription databases comprising the entire population of Denmark, Norway and Sweden between 2007 and 2015 were used to assess prescription medicine use and sold amount (in defined daily doses (DDDs)) of tramadol, other opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Results: From 2007 to 2015 the prevalence of tramadol users increased in Denmark from 45 to 52 per 1,000 residents, and in Norway from 20 to 41 per 1,000 residents.

Impact of swab material on microbial surface sampling.

Efficient microbial sampling from surfaces for subsequent detection and quantification is crucial in fields such as food safety and hygiene monitoring. Cotton swabs are traditionally used for sample collection, but today there are numerous swabs of alternative material and different sizes available. Recovery efficiencies of swabs for different applications have been compared in several studies.

Implementation and comparison of two text mining methods with a standard pharmacovigilance method for signal detection of medication errors.

Background: Medication errors have been identified as the most common preventable cause of adverse events. The lack of granularity in medication error terminology has led pharmacovigilance experts to rely on information in individual case safety reports' (ICSRs) codes and narratives for signal detection, which is both time consuming and labour intensive. Thus, there is a need for complementary methods for the detection of medication errors from ICSRs.

Association between antipsychotic drug dose and length of clinical notes: a proxy of disease severity?

Background: Most structured clinical data, such as diagnosis codes, are not sufficient to obtain precise phenotypes and assess disease burden. Text mining of clinical notes could provide a basis for detailed profiles of phenotypic traits. The objective of the current study was to determine whether drug dose, regardless of polypharmacy, is associated with the length of clinical notes, and to determine the frequency of adverse events per word in clinical notes.

Sex differences in text-mined possible adverse drug events associated with drugs for psychosis.

Background: Understanding sex differences in adverse drug reactions to drugs for psychosis could potentially guide clinicians in optimal drug choices.

Aims: By applying a text-mining approach, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between drugs for psychosis and biological sex differences in frequencies and co-occurrences of potential adverse drug events (ADEs).

Methods: Electronic patient records of a psychiatric population (1427 men and 727 women) were text mined for potential ADEs.

Initialization of a Disease Transmission Model.

Approaches to the estimation of the full state vector of a larger epidemiological model for the spread of Covid-19 in Sweden at the initial time instant from available data and with a simplified dynamical model are proposed and evaluated. The larger epidemiological model is based on a time-continuous Markov chain and captures the demographic composition of and the transport flows between the counties of Sweden. Its intended use is to predict the outbreak development in temporal and spatial coordinates as well as across the demographic groups.

Linking glycemic dysregulation in diabetes to symptoms, comorbidities, and genetics through EHR data mining.

Diabetes is a diverse and complex disease, with considerable variation in phenotypic manifestation and severity. This variation hampers the study of etiological differences and reduces the statistical power of analyses of associations to genetics, treatment outcomes, and complications. We address these issues through deep, fine-grained phenotypic stratification of a diabetes cohort.