Distinct metabolic hallmarks of WHO classified adult glioma subtypes.

Background: Gliomas are complex tumors with several genetic aberrations and diverse metabolic programs contributing to their aggressive phenotypes and poor prognoses. This study defines key metabolic features that can be used to differentiate between glioma subtypes, with potential for improved diagnostics and subtype targeted therapy.

Methods: Cross-platform global metabolomic profiling coupled with clinical, genetic, and pathological analysis of glioma tissue from 224 tumors-oligodendroglioma (n = 31), astrocytoma (n = 31) and glioblastoma (n = 162)-were performed.

The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins.

It has been argued that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may facilitate range expansions over spatially and temporally variable environments. However, plasticity may induce fitness costs. This may hinder the evolution of plasticity.

Plasma Leptin Is Increased in Intensive Care Patients with COVID-19-An Investigation Performed in the PronMed-Cohort.

COVID-19 has shaken the world and intensive care units (ICU) have been challenged by numerous patients suffering from a previously unknown disease. Leptin is a polypeptide pleiotropic hormone, mainly expressed by adipocytes. It acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and is associated with several conditions, known to increase the risk of severe COVID-19.

Rare germline copy number variants (CNVs) and breast cancer risk.

Germline copy number variants (CNVs) are pervasive in the human genome but potential disease associations with rare CNVs have not been comprehensively assessed in large datasets. We analysed rare CNVs in genes and non-coding regions for 86,788 breast cancer cases and 76,122 controls of European ancestry with genome-wide array data. Gene burden tests detected the strongest association for deletions in BRCA1 (P = 3.

Fibrinogen-like protein 2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumour.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, can be treated effectively with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Cancer immune therapy has limited efficacy, and little is known about the immune suppressive factors in GISTs. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is expressed either as a membrane-associated protein or as a secreted soluble protein that has immune suppressive functions.

Estimating Distributions of Breast Cancer Onset and Growth in a Swedish Mammography Screening Cohort.

Background: In recent years, biologically motivated continuous tumor growth models have been introduced for breast cancer screening data. These provide a novel framework from which mammography screening effectiveness can be studied.

Methods: We use a newly developed natural history model, which is unique in that it includes a carcinogenesis model for tumor onset, to analyze data from a large Swedish mammography cohort consisting of 65,536 participants, followed for periods of up to 6.

Total dissolution of environmental samples for the determination of uranium and thorium by ICP-MS and alpha-particle spectrometry.

A low-cost total dissolution method for accurate determination of uranium and thorium isotopes in environmental samples (soil and sediment) was introduced, optimised and validated. The method included alkaline fusion based on sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium peroxide (NaO), followed by sequential extraction chromatography separation and measurements with ICP-MS or alpha-particle spectrometry. The overall chemical recoveries for U and Th for the entire procedure were about 80% and 90%, respectively.

Interval breast cancer is associated with interferon immune response.

Background: The aggressive nature of breast cancers detected between planned mammographic screens, so-called interval cancers, remains elusive. Here, we aim to characterise underlying molecular features of interval cancer.

Methods: From 672 patients with invasive breast cancer, we analysed gene expression differences between 90 'true' interval cancer cases (i.

Miniaturization during a Silurian environmental crisis generated the modern brittle star body plan.

Pivotal anatomical innovations often seem to appear by chance when viewed through the lens of the fossil record. As a consequence, specific driving forces behind the origination of major organismal clades generally remain speculative. Here, we present a rare exception to this axiom by constraining the appearance of a diverse animal group (the living Ophiuroidea) to a single speciation event rather than hypothetical ancestors.

Prospective evaluation of a breast-cancer risk model integrating classical risk factors and polygenic risk in 15 cohorts from six countries.

Background: Rigorous evaluation of the calibration and discrimination of breast-cancer risk-prediction models in prospective cohorts is critical for applications under clinical guidelines. We comprehensively evaluated an integrated model incorporating classical risk factors and a 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict breast-cancer risk.

Methods: Fifteen prospective cohorts from six countries with 239 340 women (7646 incident breast-cancer cases) of European ancestry aged 19-75 years were included.

Soat2 ties cholesterol metabolism to β-oxidation and glucose tolerance in male mice.

Background: Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (Soat2) encodes acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), which synthesizes cholesteryl esters in hepatocytes and enterocytes fated either to storage or to secretion into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Objectives: We aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to reduced hepatic steatosis when Soat2 is depleted in mice.

Methods: Soat2 and wild-type mice were fed a high-fat, a high-carbohydrate, or a chow diet, and parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed.

Corrigendum: Identifying single electron charge sensor events using wavelet edge detection (2015215201).

The simulated noise used to benchmark wavelet edge detection in this work was described incorrectly. The correct description is given here, and new results based on noise that matches the original description are provided. The results support our original conclusion, which is that wavelet edge detection outperforms thresholding in the presence of white noise and 1/noise.

Home phototherapy of term neonates improves parental bonding and stress: Findings from a randomised controlled trial.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate whether in-home phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia could reduce the poorer parent-infant bonding and increased parental stress associated with neonatal hospital treatment.

Methods: In this multicentre randomised controlled trial, we allocated families to either home phototherapy or standard hospital care. The primary outcome was parent-infant bonding measured on the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire directly after therapy and 4 months later.

Effects of extensive bleeding in pigs on laboratory biomarkers.

Background: During hemorrhage and resuscitation, clinical and laboratory monitoring is useful to guide further management. However, acute changes in the biochemistry due to blood loss and subsequent crystalloid fluid resuscitation have not been fully studied.

Materials And Methods: Twelve anesthetized, juvenile pigs were used.

Chronic Urticaria: A Swedish Registry-based Cohort Study on Population, Comorbidities and Treatment Characteristics.

Swedish databases present unique opportunities to research population data on diseases and treatments. The current study is, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive registry-based study on a chronic urticaria population in Sweden to date. The aim of this study was to describe the chronic urticaria population in Stockholm County regarding epidemiology, demographics, comorbidity, healthcare usage and treatment patterns in relation to current international guidelines.

A Comparison between Endostatin and Conventional Biomarkers on 30-Day Mortality and Renal Replacement Therapy in Unselected Intensive Care Patients.

Endostatin may predict mortality and kidney impairment in general populations as well as in critically ill patients. We decided to explore the possible role of endostatin as a predictor of 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in a cohort of unselected intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Endostatin and creatinine in plasma were analyzed and SAPS3 was determined in 278 patients on ICU arrival at admission to a Swedish medium-sized hospital.