Basidiomycetous Yeast, Forming Frost-Columnar Colonies on Frozen Medium.

The basidiomycetous yeast, , was isolated from various terrestrial materials collected from the Sôya coast, East Antarctica, and formed frost-columnar colonies on agar plates frozen at -1 °C. Thawed colonies were highly viscous, indicating that the yeast produced a large number of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). was then cultured on frozen media containing red food coloring to observe the dynamics of solutes in unfrozen water; pigments accumulated in frozen yeast colonies, indicating that solutes were concentrated in unfrozen water of yeast colonies.

Characteristics of Industry-Sponsored Drug Clinical Trials Registered in Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center Clinical Trials Information 2010-2018.

Purpose: To examine the trends and characteristics of industry-sponsored drug clinical trials registered in the JapicCTI (Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center Clinical Trials Information) in 2010-2018.

Methods: A data set of 3116 clinical trials registered from Jan. 2010 to Dec.

Quantitative Assessment of Premium Rates for Clinical Usefulness in New Drug Price Calculation in Japan.

Background: In Japan, the reimbursement price of a newly approved drug is calculated according to the rule established by the government. As an incentive to innovative Research & Development, a new drug that meets certain criteria obtains premiums on its price. To quantify the clinical value of new drugs in pricing, a point-based system was proposed by an academic study group.

Meta-analyses of individual versus group interventions for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Unlabelled: There is little evidence regarding the effects of individual and group intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on important outcomes. We performed meta-analyses using a random effects model to investigate the effectiveness of the individual and group intervention studies and to compare the effectiveness of these two types if possible. The main analysis which excluded studies at a high risk of bias (Analysis I) included 14 randomised controlled trials targeting children with ASD≤6 years of age (594 children).

A systematic review and meta-analysis of comprehensive interventions for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Background: There has an increasing number of published trials on psychosocial intervention programmes for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To achieve better quality of unbiased evidence for the effectiveness of ASD interventions, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive review that covers studies with adequate quality standards, such as randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and different types of intervention In this study, we categorize interventions for ASD as behavioural, social-communication focused, and multimodal developmental based on Howlin's classification of early interventions for children with ASD. The aim of this study was to compare these three models and investigate the strengths and weaknesses of each type of intervention and to identify the approaches that contribute to a successful outcome for children with autism.

Sinonasal NUT carcinoma: clinicopathological and cytogenetic analysis with autopsy findings.

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with an undifferentiated morphology. Its diagnosis is often difficult, especially as the sinonasal tract gives rise to many tumors with undifferentiated morphologies. Not many cases of sinonasal NUT carcinomas have been reported, and its clinicopathological features have not been sufficiently clarified.

Establishment and characterization of two 5-fluorouracil-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy is the first choice treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and resistance is the major obstacle to successful treatment. Recent studies have reported that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with chemoresistance in cancers. We speculated that EMT and 5-FU metabolism are related to the mechanism of 5-FU resistance.

Doubling of serum creatinine: is it appropriate as the endpoint for CKD? Proposal of a new surrogate endpoint based on the reciprocal of serum creatinine.

Background: The evaluation of the progression of renal insufficiency, or decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), has been approached more simply and precisely by converting measured serum creatinine value into the reciprocal of serum creatinine, estimated GFR, or other parameters. Doubling of serum creatinine (simple doubling) is conveniently used as a surrogate endpoint for progression of renal disease but is thought to be biased unfairly by the initial value of serum creatinine (Scr(Int)). We proposed the definite decline in the reciprocal of serum creatinine (2-4 doubling) as a surrogate endpoint, comparing simple doubling with this new endpoint to verify the effect of Scr(Int) on the endpoint.

Expression of Drug-Resistant Factor Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy with Platinum Complex by Arterial Infusion.

This study investigated gene expression of drug resistance factors in biopsy tissue samples from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing chemotherapy by platinum complex. Liver biopsy was performed to collect tissue from the tumor site (T) and the non-tumor site (NT) prior to the start of treatment. For drug-resistant factors, drug excretion transporters cMOAT and MDR-1, intracellular metal binding protein MT2, DNA repair enzyme ERCC-l and inter-nucleic cell transport protein MVP, were investigated.

Patients' attitudes towards generic drug substitution in Japan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the understanding and attitude of Japanese patients towards generic drug substitutions.

Method: The subjects were male and female patients, who purchased their prescription medications at a pharmacy. A questionnaire was created to assess their attitudes towards generic drugs.

Public involvement in pharmacogenomics research: a national survey on patients' attitudes towards pharmacogenomics research and the willingness to donate DNA samples to a DNA bank in Japan.

To assess the attitude of Japanese patients towards pharmacogenomics research and a DNA bank for identifying genomic markers associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their willingness to donate DNA samples, we conducted a survey of 550 male and female patients. The majority of the respondents showed a positive attitude towards pharmacogenomics research (87.6%) and a DNA bank (75.

Public involvement in pharmacogenomics research: a national survey on public attitudes towards pharmacogenomics research and the willingness to donate DNA samples to a DNA bank in Japan.

To assess the attitudes of the Japanese general public towards pharmacogenomics research and a DNA bank for identifying genomic markers associated with ADRs and their willingness to donate DNA samples, we conducted a national survey for 1,103 Japanese adults from the general public, not a patient population. The response rate was 36.8%.