Thermoregulation during a six-hour exposure to warm, humid hyperbaric conditions.

Purpose: In a disabled submarine scenario, a pressurized rescue module (PRM) may be deployed to rescue survivors. If the PRM were to become disabled, conditions could become hot and humid exposing the occupants to heat stress. We tested the hypothesis that the rise in core temperature and fluid loss from sweating would increase with rising dry bulb temperature.

Variability in venous gas emboli following the same dive at 3,658 meters.

Exposure to a reduction in ambient pressure such as in high-altitude climbing, flying in aircrafts, and decompression from underwater diving results in circulating vascular gas bubbles (i.e., venous gas emboli [VGE]).

Ultrasonographic Inferior Vena Cava Measurement is More Sensitive Than Vital Sign Abnormalities for Identifying Moderate and Severe Hemorrhage.

Background: Ultrasound inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter has been shown to decrease in response to hemorrhage. IVC diameter cut points to identify moderate and severe blood loss have not been established.

Objectives: This study sought to find ultrasound IVC diameter cut points to identify moderate and severe hemorrhage and assess the performance of these cut points vs.

Carotid body chemosensitivity is not attenuated during cold water diving.

Tonic carotid body (CB) activity is reduced during exposure to cold and hyperoxia. We tested the hypotheses that cold water diving lowers CB chemosensitivity and augments CO retention more than thermoneutral diving. Thirteen subjects [age: 26 ± 4 yr; body mass index (BMI): 26 ± 2 kg/m) completed two 4-h head-out water immersion protocols in a hyperbaric chamber (1.

Variability in venous gas emboli following the same dive at 3,658 meters.

Exposure to a reduction in ambient pressure such as in high-altitude climbing, flying in aircrafts, and decompression from underwater diving results in circulating vascular gas bubbles (i.e., venous gas emboli [VGE]).

Respiratory muscle training and exercise ventilation while diving at altitude.

Introduction: Pre-dive altitude exposure may increase respiratory fatigue and subsequently augment exercise ventilation at depth. This study examined pre-dive altitude exposure and the efficacy of resistance respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory fatigue while diving at altitude.

Methods: Ten men (26±5 years; VO2peak: 39.

Endurance and Resistance Respiratory Muscle Training and Aerobic Exercise Performance in Hypobaric Hypoxia.

Hypoxia-induced hyperventilation is an effect of acute altitude exposure, which may lead to respiratory muscle fatigue and secondary locomotor muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine if resistive and/or endurance respiratory muscle training (RRMT and ERMT, respectively) vs. placebo respiratory muscle training (PRMT) improve cycling performance at altitude.

Inferior Vena Cava Diameter is an Early Marker of Central Hypovolemia during Simulated Blood Loss.

Introduction: Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter decreases under conditions of hypovolemia. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may be useful to emergently assess IVC diameter. This study tested the hypothesis that ultrasound measurements of IVC diameter decreases during severe simulated blood loss.

Avoid the Goose! Paramedic Identification of Esophageal Intubation by Ultrasound.

Objectives: Rapid identification of esophageal intubations is critical to avoid patient morbidity and mortality. Continuous waveform capnography remains the gold standard for endotracheal tube (ETT) confirmation, but it has limitations. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may be a useful alternative for confirming ETT placement.

Diagnosis of Hand Infections in Intravenous Drug Users by Ultrasound and Water Bath: A Case Series.

We present three cases of hand injury by intravenous drug users in which point-of-care ultrasound, using a specific water bath technique, was able to quickly and efficiently delineate severity of injury. This technique benefited these patients by allowing a painless assessment of their injury for soft tissue injury vs. abscess formation and allowed providers to determine at the bedside whether these patients required immediate surgical intervention.