Substitution analyses of foods with varying fat quality and the associations with all-cause mortality and impact of the FADS-1 genotype in elderly men.

Purpose: To investigate associations between substitutions of foods varying in fat quality and all-cause mortality in elderly Swedish men and to examine effect measure modification by a gene involved in fatty acid desaturation (rs174550 FADS1).

Methods: Using Cox-regression models in the ULSAM cohort (n = 1133 men aged 71), we aimed to investigate; (1) Associations between the substitution of a nutrient or food for another on all-cause mortality (primary outcome) and CVD (secondary outcome) and (2) Associations between the addition of various fat-rich foods to the habitual diet and all-cause mortality and CVD. Subgroup analyses based on the rs174550 FADS1 genotype were conducted.

Milk and Fermented Milk Consumption and Risk of Stroke: Longitudinal Study.

The role of milk and fermented milk consumption in stroke risk is unclear. We investigated associations of time-updated information on milk and fermented milk consumption (1997 and 2009) with total stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhagic stroke risk among 79,618 Swedish women and men (mean age 61.3 years).

Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson's Disease: Cohort Study.

Milk and fermented milk consumption has been linked to health and mortality but the association with Parkinson's disease (PD) is uncertain. We conducted a study to investigate whether milk and fermented milk intakes are associated with incident PD. This cohort study included 81,915 Swedish adults (with a mean age of 62 years) who completed a questionnaire, including questions about milk and fermented milk (soured milk and yogurt) intake, in 1997.

Swedish patients' trust in the bioequivalence of interchangeable generics. What factors are important for low trust?

Background: Generic substitution (GS), is a cost-containment strategy meant to contain pharmaceutical expenditure without compromising health objectives. In order to shape GS into a policy that is both efficient and safe it is crucial to understand which factors are most important for patients' trust in GS.

Objective: To assess Swedish patients' level of trust in the bioequivalence of cheap and expensive generic medicines, and the association between trust and various factors.

Nordic Pharmacy Students' Opinions of their Patient Communication Skills Training.

To describe Nordic pharmacy students' opinions of their patient communication skills training (PCST), and the association between course leaders' reports of PCST qualities and students' perceptions of their training. Secondary objective was to determine what factors influence these associations. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed.

Reported time to onset of neurological adverse drug reactions among different age and gender groups using metoclopramide: an analysis of the global database Vigibase®.

Purpose: Despite FDA and EMA warnings of long-term use, little is known regarding the time to onset (TTO) of neurological adverse drug reactions (ADR) for metoclopramide. The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate whether neurological ADRs are more commonly reported for metoclopramide than for other medications, and second, to describe how time to onset of neurological ADRs differs by age and gender.

Methods: All ADR reports with metoclopramide as the suspected/interacting drug were extracted from the WHOs Global ADR database Vigibase® between 1967 and May 2016.

Ability to predict resting energy expenditure with six equations compared to indirect calorimetry in octogenarian men.

The accuracy of predictive equations for calculating resting energy expenditure (REE) in elderly people has been questioned. Aging is associated with progressive declines in REE, which partly is explained by loss of fat free mass (FFM). Against this background we aimed to identify the most accurate predictive equation for REE in octogenarian men, taking body composition into account and using indirect calorimetry as reference value.

Vitamin D is not associated with incident dementia or cognitive impairment: an 18-y follow-up study in community-living old men.

Vitamin D has been implicated as being important for maintaining cognitive function in old age. Results from longitudinal studies examining the association of vitamin D with incident dementia and cognitive impairment have been inconsistent. We investigated the relation between vitamin D, assessed in 3 different ways, and the risk of dementia.

The influence of generic substitution on the content of patient-pharmacist communication in Swedish community pharmacies.

Objectives: The objective was to study the relationship between the length and content of patient-pharmacist communication in community pharmacies, and generic substitution.

Methods: The study was conducted in six community pharmacies in Sweden. Non-participant observations with audio recordings and short structured interviews were conducted.

Dietary patterns and cognitive dysfunction in a 12-year follow-up study of 70 year old men.

Background: Adherence to dietary patterns has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but studies are inconsistent.

Objective: Dietary patterns, i.e.

Measures to improve angiotensin receptor blocker prescribing efficiency in the UK: findings and implications.

Background: Generic losartan provides an opportunity to enhance angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) prescribing efficiency, with all ARBs essentially being similar. Initially, there was limited activity in NHS Bury (UK). This changed in March 2011 with therapeutic switching and other measures encouraging the prescribing of losartan following generics to enhance its utilization versus patented ARBs.

Pharmacist-patient communication in Swedish community pharmacies.

Background: It is important that pharmacists counsel patients about their prescribed medicines, as it leads to improved therapeutic outcome, increases compliance, and decreases confusion and insecurity. Studies have shown that the number of patients getting any pharmaceutical counseling varies greatly. Swedish pharmacists claim that the focus of the dialog with the patient has switched from pharmaceutical counseling to economy and regulations.

Pharmacists' experiences and attitudes regarding generic drugs and generic substitution: two sides of the coin.

Objective: Generic drug substitution reduces costs for medicines, but the downsides include unintentional double medication, confusion and anxiety among patients. Information from pharmacists affects patients' experiences of substitution with generic drugs. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and attitudes to generic substitution among Swedish community pharmacists.

Mediterranean and carbohydrate-restricted diets and mortality among elderly men: a cohort study in Sweden.

Background: Comparative studies on dietary patterns and long-term mortality are sparse.

Objective: The objective was to examine the relations between 10-y mortality and adherence to the World Health Organization dietary guidelines [Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI)], a Mediterranean-like diet, and a carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diet in elderly Swedish men.

Design: Dietary habits were determined by 7-d dietary records in a population-based longitudinal study of 924 Swedish men (age: 71 ± 1 y).