High FSH dosing is associated with reduced live birth rate in fresh but not subsequent frozen embryo transfers.

Study Question: Do live birth rates (LBRs) differ between fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET) cycles and their subsequent paired frozen ET (FET) cycles, when comparing cycles based on the total FSH dose used during the fresh cycle?

Summary Answer: When compared to the paired frozen embryo transfer cycles, the LBR in the fresh cycle of the highest total FSH dose group (>2500 IU) was reduced by 38%.

What Is Known Already: There may be a negative association with high gonadotropin doses and LBR after fresh ET. It is unknown whether a similar effect is seen in FET cycles, which are done with increasing frequency.

Elective single embryo transfer in women less than age 38 years reduces multiple birth rates, but not live birth rates, in United States fertility clinics.

Objective: To determine the effect of elective single ET (eSET) on live birth and multiple birth rates by a cycle-level and clinic-level analysis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Not applicable.

Differentially expressed genes in preimplantation human embryos: potential candidate genes for blastocyst formation and implantation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine which genes and gene pathways are differentially expressed when comparing human blastocysts with cleavage-stage embryos.

Methods: We individually assessed gene expression in preimplantation human embryos at cleavage (n = 3) and blastocyst (n = 3) stages. Gene expression patterns were then validated in publically available datasets and then independently validated in vitro with additional human embryos using TaqMan gene expression assays.

Lack of carbon air filtration impacts early embryo development.

Purpose: To assess human fertilization and preimplantation embryo development in the presence and in the absence of carbon filtration

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of fresh, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles as well as previously cryopreserved pronuclear stage embryo transfer cycles in a single IVF center. Embryo development and cycle-based outcomes were compared among three groups: 1) when carbon filtration was present, 2) when carbon filtration was absent, and 3) when carbon filtration had been restored.

Results: A total of 524 fresh cycles and 156 cryopreserved embryo cycles were analyzed.

Transcriptome profiling of microRNA by Next-Gen deep sequencing reveals known and novel miRNA species in the lipid fraction of human breast milk.

While breast milk has unique health advantages for infants, the mechanisms by which it regulates the physiology of newborns are incompletely understood. miRNAs have been described as functioning transcellularly, and have been previously isolated in cell-free and exosomal form from bodily liquids (serum, saliva, urine) and tissues, including mammary tissue. We hypothesized that breast milk in general, and milk fat globules in particular, contain significant numbers of known and limited novel miRNA species detectable with massively parallel sequencing.

Cross-sectional evaluation of parental decision making factors for vesicoureteral reflux management in children.

Purpose: Parental decision making in children with vesicoureteral reflux has potentially become more complex with the evolution of ethnic diversity in the United States, the Internet, the publication of contradictory clinical data and the emergence of minimally invasive surgery. We performed a cross-sectional study of parental management for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux.

Materials And Methods: We administered a 26-item questionnaire to parents of children with vesicoureteral reflux seen at Texas Children's Hospital urology offices or undergoing antireflux surgery at that institution.

Magnetic resonance imaging for prenatal diagnosis of multisystem disease: megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.

We discuss a third-trimester diagnosis of Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and consider the benefits of MRI as a noninvasive imaging technique after routine ultrasonography reveals genitourinary pathology requiring further elucidation. MMIHS is a rare cause of functional gastrointestinal and genitourinary obstruction in newborns. Because of the poor prognosis of MMIHS, prenatal diagnosis is warranted for optimal prenatal counseling and postnatal treatment.