Effects of winter sea bathing on psychoneuroendocrinoimmunological parameters.

Context: Many people claim winter sea bathing gives them energy and health. According to the psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI) paradigm, the stress response elicited by cold water immersion could indeed induce several beneficial psychophysical alterations.

Objective: To determine the effects of winter sea bathing on psychological wellbeing, stress and immune markers.