Reactive carbon capture using saline water: evaluation of prospective sources, processes, and products.

Reactive carbon capture (RCC) processes involve the capture of carbon dioxide (CO) and conversion to a value-added product using a single sorbent/reaction medium. Not only can RCC processes generate valuable byproducts that can reduce the cost of carbon capture, but RCC tends to have lower energy demand than processes involving the transfer of CO between the mediums used for capture and subsequent reactions. Saline water has been proposed as a potential medium for RCC due to it's relative abundance and low cost.

ZeroCAL: Eliminating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Limestone's Decomposition to Decarbonize Cement Production.

Limestone (calcite, CaCO) is an abundant and cost-effective source of calcium oxide (CaO) for cement and lime production. However, the thermochemical decomposition of limestone (∼800 °C, 1 bar) to produce lime (CaO) results in substantial carbon dioxide (CO) emissions and energy use, i.e.

Analyzing the upscaling potential and geospatial siting of calcination-free calcium hydroxide production in the United States.

This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility and the embodied carbon dioxide intensity (eCI) of a novel process for producing nominally pure (>95 mass %) calcium hydroxide without the need for the thermal calcination of limestone. The process relies on the aqueous extraction of calcium from alkaline industrial wastes following which portlandite (Ca(OH): CH, a.k.

Synthesis of Metastable Calcium Carbonate Using Long-Chain Bisphosphonate Molecules.

Cementation in construction materials primarily relies on the aqueous precipitation of minerals such as carbonates and silicates. The kinetics of nucleation and growth play a critical role in the development of strength and durability, yet our understanding of the kinetic controls governing phase formation and porosity reduction in cements remains limited. In this study, we synthesized bisphosphonate molecules with varying alkyl chain lengths and functional groups to investigate their impact on calcium carbonate precipitation.

Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal.

We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO) removal (CDR) using seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis following the "" (") process. This process, extensively detailed in La Plante E.C.

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Genomic Region Associated with Mite-Recruitment Phenotypes in the Domesticated Grapevine ().

Indirect defenses are plant phenotypes that reduce damage by attracting natural enemies of plant pests and pathogens to leaves. Despite their economic and ecological importance, few studies have investigated the genetic underpinnings of indirect defense phenotypes. Here, we present a genome-wide association study of five phenotypes previously determined to increase populations of beneficial (fungivorous and predacious) mites on grape leaves (genus ): leaf bristles, leaf hairs, and the size, density, and depth of leaf domatia.

Atomic Dislocations and Bond Rupture Govern Dissolution Enhancement under Acoustic Stimulation.

By focusing the power of sound, acoustic stimulation (i.e., often referred to as sonication) enables numerous "green chemistry" pathways to enhance chemical reaction rates, for instance, of mineral dissolution in aqueous environments.

Enhancing Polyvalent Cation Rejection Using Perfluorophenylazide-Grafted-Copolymer Membrane Coatings.

Surface modification offers a straightforward means to alter and enhance the properties and performance of materials, such as nanofiltration membranes for water softening. Herein, we demonstrate how a membrane's surface charge can be altered by grafting different electrostatically varying copolymers onto commercial membrane surfaces using perfluorophenylazide (PFPA) photochemistry for enhanced ion separation performance. The native membrane's performance-i.

Revealing How Alkali Cations Affect the Surface Reactivity of Stainless Steel in Alkaline Aqueous Environments.

Stainless steel is a ubiquitous structural material and one that finds extensive use in core-internal components in nuclear power plants. Stainless steel features superior corrosion resistance (e.g.

Plant dominance in a subalpine montane meadow: biotic vs. abiotic controls of subordinate diversity within and across sites.

Background: Understanding the underlying factors that determine the relative abundance of plant species is critical to predict both biodiversity and ecosystem function. Biotic and abiotic factors can shape the distribution and the relative abundance of species across natural communities, greatly influencing local biodiversity.

Methods: Using a combination of an observational study and a five-year plant removal experiment we: (1) documented how plant diversity and composition of montane meadow assemblages vary along a plant dominance gradient using an observational study; (2) tracked above- and belowground functional traits of co-dominant plant species and along a plant dominance gradient in an observational study; (3) determined whether plant species diversity and composition was directly influenced by commonly occurring species and with the use of a randomized plot design, 5-year plant removal experiment (no removal control, removed, removed,  = 10).

Direct observation of pitting corrosion evolutions on carbon steel surfaces at the nano-to-micro- scales.

The Cl-induced corrosion of metals and alloys is of relevance to a wide range of engineered materials, structures, and systems. Because of the challenges in studying pitting corrosion in a quantitative and statistically significant manner, its kinetics remain poorly understood. Herein, by direct, nano- to micro-scale observations using vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), we examine the temporal evolution of pitting corrosion on AISI 1045 carbon steel over large surface areas in Cl-free, and Cl-enriched solutions.

Effects of Irradiation on Albite's Chemical Durability.

Albite (NaAlSiO), a framework silicate of the plagioclase feldspar family and a common constituent of felsic rocks, is often present in the siliceous mineral aggregates that compose concrete. When exposed to radiation (e.g.

Multidrug transporters and organic anion transporting polypeptides protect insects against the toxic effects of cardenolides.

In the struggle against dietary toxins, insects are known to employ target site insensitivity, metabolic detoxification, and transporters that shunt away toxins. Specialized insects across six taxonomic orders feeding on cardenolide-containing plants have convergently evolved target site insensitivity via specific amino acid substitutions in the Na/K-ATPase. Nonetheless, in vitro pharmacological experiments have suggested a role for multidrug transporters (Mdrs) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps), which may provide a basal level of protection in both specialized and non-adapted insects.