Adherence to cardio-protective medications and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: We estimated overall refill adherence to all antihypertensive [AHT] and/or lipid-lowering drugs in the treatment regimen and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with type 1 diabetes, taking kidney disease into account.

Methods: This Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study involved 1,558 adults with type 1 diabetes who had purchased AHT and/or lipid-lowering drugs within ± 0.5 year from baseline and were followed until their first CVD event, death, or end of 2015.

Modifiable self-management practices impact nocturnal and morning glycaemia in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To identify risk factors for nocturnal/morning hypo- and hyperglycaemia in type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Data on self-management practices were obtained from 3-day records. We studied the associations between self-management practices on the first recording day and the self-reported blood glucose (BG) concentrations on the subsequent night/morning.

Insulin sensitivity estimates and their longitudinal association with coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes. Does it matter?

Background: Insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease are both associated with increased coronary artery disease risk. Many formulae estimating glucose disposal rate in type 1 diabetes infer insulin sensitivity from clinical data. We compare associations and performance relative to traditional risk factors and kidney disease severity between three formulae estimating the glucose disposal rate and coronary artery disease in people with type 1 diabetes.

Medication profiling in women with type 1 diabetes highlights the importance of adequate, guideline-based treatment in low-risk groups.

Effective treatment may prevent kidney complications, but women might be underprescribed. Novel, data-driven insights into prescriptions and their relationship with kidney health in women with type 1 diabetes may help to optimize treatment. We identified six medication profiles in 1164 women from the FinnDiane Study with normal albumin excretion rate based on clusters of their baseline prescription data using a self-organizing map.

Associations between alcohol consumption and body fat distribution in type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption and body fat distribution in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: DXA assessed the body composition of 548 adults with T1D from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. Visceral fat mass (VFM) ≥ 0.

L-type calcium channel blocker increases VEGF concentrations in retinal cells and human serum.

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Previously, we have reported an association between mutations in a gene coding for the L-type calcium channel subunit, VEGF and DR. L-type calcium channel blockers (LTCCBs) have been widely used as antihypertensive medication (AHM), but their association with VEGF and DR is still unclear.

The relationship between FGF23 and body composition according to albuminuria stage in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and obesity are linked to kidney disease. However, the relationship between FGF23 and body composition is unclear. Associations between FGF23 and body composition were investigated in type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study according to albuminuria stages.

Clinical Use of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Hypothetical Case Studies.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease, with many individuals eventually requiring basal insulin therapy to maintain glycaemic control. However, there exists considerable therapeutic inertia to the prompt initiation and optimal titration of basal insulin therapy due to barriers that include fear of injections, hypoglycaemia, weight gain, and burdensome regimens. Hypoglycaemia is thought to be a major barrier to optimal glycaemic control and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Waist-Height Ratio and the Risk of Severe Diabetic Eye Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A 15-Year Cohort Study.

Context: Obesity prevalence has increased in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the relationship between body composition and severe diabetic eye disease (SDED) is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the associations between body composition and SDED in adults with T1D.

The impact of central obesity on the risk of hospitalization or death due to heart failure in type 1 diabetes: a 16-year cohort study.

Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are well-known risk factors for heart failure (HF). Although obesity has increased in type 1 diabetes, studies regarding HF in this population are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the impact of body fat distribution on the risk of HF hospitalization or death in adults with type 1 diabetes at different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

The Relationship Between Body Fat Distribution and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Obesity, which is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), has increased among people with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, we explored the associations between body fat distribution and NAFL in this population.

Research Design And Methods: This study included 121 adults with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study for whom NAFL was determined by magnetic resonance imaging.

Waist-height ratio and waist are the best estimators of visceral fat in type 1 diabetes.

Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular and kidney disease. However, the relationship between body composition and anthropometric measures in type 1 diabetes is unknown. Using z-statistics, we ranked the ability of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index (ABSI) to capture measures of body composition from 603 Dual-energy-X-Ray-Absorptiometry scans of adults with type 1 diabetes.

Portuguese-Brazilian evidence-based guideline on the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: In current management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular and renal prevention have become important targets to be achieved. In this context, a joint panel of four endocrinology societies from Brazil and Portugal was established to develop an evidence-based guideline for treatment of hyperglycemia in T2DM.

Methods: MEDLINE (via PubMed) was searched for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies related to diabetes treatment.

Relationship between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes according to diabetic nephropathy status.

Background: ABO blood groups have previously been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between ABO blood groups and CVD in individuals with type 1 diabetes according to diabetic nephropathy (DN) status.

Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes (4531 individuals) from the FinnDiane Study were evaluated.

Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: dangerous liaisons.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) globally affects 18-20 % of adults over the age of 65 years. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most frequent and dangerous complications of DM2, affecting about one-third of the patients with DM2. In addition to the pancreas, adipocytes, liver, and intestines, the kidneys also play an important role in glycemic control, particularly due to renal contribution to gluconeogenesis and tubular reabsorption of glucose.

Incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: innovative treatment therapies for type 2 diabetes.

The prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is predicted to dramatically increase over the next two decades. Clinical therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have traditionally included lifestyle modification, oral anti-diabetic agents, and ultimately insulin initiation. In this report, we review the clinical trial results of two innovative T2DM treatment therapies that are based on the glucoregulatory effects of incretin hormones.

[Obese children lipid profile: effects of hypocaloric diet and aerobic physical exercise].

Unlabelled: Diet and exercise help improve obese adults' lipid profile. However, their effect on obese children, the aim of the present study, is poorly known. Fifty obese children were studied into 2 paired groups: Group D (1,500 - 1,800 kcal diet: 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 15% protein), and Group DE (same diet + aerobic physical activity 1 hour/day 3 times a week).