African American English speaking 2nd graders, verbal-s, and educational achievement: Event related potential and math study findings.

A number of influential linguistic analyses hold that African American English (AAE) has no verbal-s, the-s that, for example, turns drink into drinks in more mainstream English varieties.On such accounts, sentences like Mary drinks coffee are ungrammatical in AAE. Previous behavioral studies suggest that in addition to being ungrammatical, AAE speaking children find these sentences cognitively demanding, and that their presence in mathematical reasoning tests can depress scores.

Sociophonetic trends in studies of Southern U.S. English.

Although the U.S. South was usually avoided for phonetic studies in earlier years, phonetic analyses of Southern U.

The articulatory dynamics of pre-velar and pre-nasal /æ/-raising in English: An ultrasound study.

Most dialects of North American English exhibit /æ/-raising in some phonological contexts. Both the conditioning environments and the temporal dynamics of the raising vary from region to region. To explore the articulatory basis of /æ/-raising across North American English dialects, acoustic and articulatory data were collected from a regionally diverse group of 24 English speakers from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

Sociolinguistic variables and cognition.

Sociolinguistics has examined mental organization of language only sporadically. Meanwhile, areas of linguistics that deal with cognitive organization seldom delve deeply into language variation. Variation is essential for understanding how language is structured cognitively, however.