Work-leave rotation among general practitioners in Norwegian municipalities.

Background: A number of municipalities have introduced work-leave rotation (aka 'North Sea shift') for general practitioners, whereby the doctors alternate between periods of work and leave over the year. We have investigated the reasons for this type of work schedule, its prevalence and scope, and experiences with this form of working.

Material And Method: We have undertaken a multiple-case study using data from Statistics Norway, the GP register, municipal documents, brief telephone interviews with doctors working a rotating schedule and in-depth interviews with healthcare leaders.

The Oslo Ischaemia Study: cohort profile.

Purpose: The Oslo Ischaemia Study was designed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of silent coronary disease in Norwegian middle-aged men, specifically validating exercise electrocardiography (ECG) findings compared with angiography. The study has been important in investigating long-term predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as investigating a broad spectrum of epidemiological and public health perspectives.

Participants: In 1972-1975, 2014 healthy men, 40-59 years old, were enrolled in the study.

Novel insights into stroke risk beyond resting and maximal bicycle exercise systolic blood pressure.

Objective: Previous research has shown an association between moderate workload exercise blood pressure (BP) and coronary disease, whereas maximal exercise BP is associated with stroke. We aimed to investigate the association between the increase in BP during maximal exercise and the long-term risk of stroke in healthy, middle-aged men.

Methods: Two thousand and fourteen men were included in the Oslo Ischemia Study in the 1970s.

[Ten-year prediction of cardiovascular disease in healthy Norwegian men, based on NORRISK-2].

Background: Norwegian guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease recommend the use of the NORRISK-2 risk model, with some additions. We wished to investigate whether NORRISK-2 could predict cardiovascular disease in healthy Norwegian men who took part in the Oslo Ischaemia Study.

Material: NORRISK-2 scores were calculated for 2 014 men in the age group 40-60 years who were included in the Oslo Ischaemia Study in 1972-75.

Change in Body Weight and Long-Term Risk of Stroke and Death in Healthy Men.

Background and Purpose- The importance of weight change for the risk of stroke is not well known. We examined the associations between early- and mid-life weight change and risks of stroke and death during long-term follow-up of healthy men. Methods- We recruited healthy men aged between 40 and 59 years and performed a cardiovascular examination at baseline and again at 7 years.

Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure at Moderate Workload Is Linearly Associated With Coronary Disease Risk in Healthy Men.

There is no consensus on the definition of an exaggerated increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise. The aim was to explore a potential threshold for exercise SBP associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in healthy men using repeated exercise testing. Two thousand fourteen healthy white male employees were recruited into the Oslo Ischemia Study during early 1970s.

Changes in midlife fitness, body mass index, and smoking influence cancer incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study in men.

Cancer prevention efforts include modification of unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking cessation and resisting gain in body weight. Although physical activity is inversely related to risk of several cancers, it is poorly studied whether changes in physical activity or fitness influence future cancer risk. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether changes in midlife cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits influence cancer incidence and mortality.

Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Stroke and Death: Long-Term Follow-Up of Healthy Middle-Aged Men.

Background and Purpose- Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study aims to assess whether change of fitness over time has any impact on long-term risk of stroke and death. Methods- We recruited healthy men aged 40 to 59 years in 1972 to 1975, and followed them until 2007.

SBP above 180 mmHg at moderate exercise workload increases coronary heart disease risk in healthy men during 28-year follow-up.

Objective: We investigated the association between exercise SBP at a moderate workload and long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men who were healthy when assessed by two bicycle exercise tests 7 years apart.

Methods: During 1972-1975, apparently healthy men (n = 1999) were initially enrolled following thorough medical examination and ECG-monitored bicycle exercise test. Participants (n = 1392) who were healthy also at a second exercise test 7 years later were included in the present study.

Physical fitness is a modifiable predictor of early cardiovascular death: A 35-year follow-up study of 2014 healthy middle-aged men.

Background Physical fitness has been shown to predict cardiovascular death during long-term follow-up. In the present study we aimed to investigate how physical fitness and other cardiovascular risk factors at middle-age influenced the risk of cardiovascular death during the early (0-11 years), intermediate (12-23 years) and late (24-35 years) parts of a 35-year observation period. Methods and results Age-adjusted physical fitness was calculated in 2014 apparently healthy, middle-aged men after maximal bicycle electrocardiogram-tests in 1972-1975 (Survey 1) and 1979-1982 (Survey 2).

Long-term predictors of stroke in healthy middle-aged men.

Background There are few data on risk factors for stroke during long-term follow-up of healthy individuals. Aims We aimed to investigate the long-term predictive impact on stroke risk of baseline variables including hemodynamic variables measured at rest and during exercise in middle-aged, healthy men. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of 2014 healthy Norwegian men aged 40-59 years, recruited during the period 1972-1975 and followed until 2007.

Rapidly upsloping ST-segment on exercise ECG: a marker of reduced coronary heart disease mortality risk.

Background: The prognostic value of an isolated J-point depression, or rapidly upsloping ST-segment, on an exercise ECG has long been assumed to be a benign variant. However, little or no data supporting this assumption may be found in the literature. Our task was to examine if a rapidly upsloping ST-segment on an exercise ECG is associated with changes in risk of dying from CHD in 2014 healthy middle-aged men followed for 35 years.